DESCRIPTI STATISTICS

REVIEW
PASS THE BALL GAME
While the music plays, students pass the ball
around the class. When the music stops, the
student with the ball has to answer a question
related to the previous lesson.
Questions:
1. What are the contents or the three phases in
Answer: Steps you docollection?
data before, during and after
2. Can yougathering
give me one techniquedata.
quantitative in collecting
Answer: Observation, survey, experiment
Quantitative data?
3. What technique in collecting quantitative data
Answer:
that survey
uses questionnaire?
 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
DEFINITION

It defines or describes or gives information about a

set of numerical data or distribution.
OBJECTIVES

•Understand how the descriptive statistics’

measures of central tendency provide

information about the center of a data set.

•Compute measures of central

tendency for grouped and
ungrouped data.
•Cooperate in solving measures of
central tendency during group
activities.
EXAMPLE

DepEd has all the total

scores of NCAE results in
2019. You wanted to present
the scores by region in more
descriptive way.
To do this, you could make a
graph, a chart or a table.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS
The distribution concerns the
frequency of each value.
The central tendency concerns
the averages of the values.
The variability or dispersion
concerns how spread out the
values are.
TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS
• FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A data set is made up of
a distribution of values,
or scores. In tables or
graphs, you can
summarize the
frequency of every
possible value of a
variable in numbers or
A.SIMPLE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE
For the variable of gender,
you list all possible answers
on the left hand column.
You count the number or
percentage of responses for
each answer and display it
on the right hand column.
B.GROUPED FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE
In a grouped frequency
distribution, you can group
numerical response values
and add up the number of
responses for each group.
You can also convert each
of these numbers to
percentages.
 1. FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A.SIMPLE FREQUENCY B.GROUPED FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE DISTRIBUTION TABLE
2. MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
estimate the center, or
average, of a data set:
the mean, median and
mode .
UNGROUPED DATA
 A. MEAN

The arithmetic average of a set of data, it

is the most reliable and the most
commonly used measure of central
tendency.
 UNGROUPED MEAN
EXAMPLE
add the numbers and then divide it by the
frequency.
UNGROUPED MEAN
ILLUSTRATION
UNGROUPED MEAN
ILLUSTRATION
 B. MEDIAN

The value that’s exactly in the middle of a

data set.
 UNGROUPED MEDIAN
EXAMPLE
To find the median, order each response value from the
smallest to the biggest. Then, the median is the number in the
middle. If there are two numbers in the middle, find their
mean.
 C. MODE

The most popular or most frequent

response value. A data set can have no
mode, one mode, or more than one mode.
 UNGROUPED MODE
To find the mode, order EXAMPLE
your data set from lowest to highest
and find the response that occurs most frequently.
GROUPED DATA
 FORMULAS FOR
GROUPED DATA
MEA
N

MEDI
AN

MOD
E
 A. GROUPED MEAN

Formula
:

EXAMPLE 1
GROUPED MEAN
EXAMPLE 1
(Discrete)
 GROUPED MEAN EXAMPLE 2
Here is an example where the data is in the form of class intervals.
(Continuous)
The following table indicates the data on the number of patients
visiting a hospital in a month. Find the average number of patients
visiting the hospital in a day.
GROUPED MEAN In this case, we fi nd the class mark (also called
as mid-point of a class) for each class.
EXAMPLE 2 Note: Class mark = (lower limit + upper limit)/2
 B. GROUPED MEDIAN
When the data is continuous and in the form of a frequency distribution, the
median is found as shown below:
 B. GROUPED MEDIAN EXAMPLE
Solution: We need to calculate the
cumulative(Continuous)
frequencies to fi nd the median.
Calculation table:
FIND THE MEDIAN MARKS FOR
THE FOLLOWING DISTRIBUTION:
B. GROUPED MEDIAN
EXAM
PLE
 C. GROUPED MODE
When the data is continuous and in the form of a frequency distribution, the
mode is found as shown below:
C. GROUPED MODE
EXAMPLE
 3. MEASURES OF
VARIABILITY

Measures of variability give you a sense of how spread

out the response values are. The range, standard
deviation and variance each reflect different aspects of
spread.
UNGROUPED DATA
 A. RANGE
The range gives you an idea of how
far apart the most extreme response
scores are. To find the range, simply
subtract the lowest value from the
highest value.
 B.STANDARD
used with the mean. It DEVIATION
is the distance of the scores from the
mean expressed in standard units. It is also a measure of how
spread out numbers are. The larger the standard deviation,
There are six steps for finding
the more variable the data set is. the standard deviation:

1. List each score and find their mean.

2. Subtract the mean from each score to get the deviation
from the mean.
3. Square each of these deviations.
4. Add up all of the squared deviations.
5. Divide the sum of the squared deviations by N – 1.
6. Find the square root of the number you found.
 B.STANDARD
Standard deviations of visits to the library in the past year. In the
DEVIATION
table below, you complete Steps 1 through 4.
There are six steps for
finding the standard
5.5(5.5)=
deviation:

1. List each score and

find their mean.
2. Subtract the mean
from each score to get the
deviation from the mean.
3. Square each of these
deviations.
4. Add up all of the
squared deviations.
5. Divide the sum of the
squared deviations by N –
1.
6. Find the square root of
UNGROUPED STANDARD
DEVIATION ILLUSTRATION

9.18
9.5
9.18
 C. VARIANCE
A measurement of how far each number in a data set is from
the mean (average), and thus from every other number in the
set. Variance reflects the degree of spread in the data set. The
more spread the data, the larger the variance is in relation to
2
the mean.
To find the variance, simply square the standard deviation.
The symbol for variance is s .
 ACTIVITY
Instructions:
1) Divide students into 3 groups and provide each
group with a central tendency value to solve
through draw lots.
2) Instruct students to calculate measures of central
tendency (mean, median, mode) that they have
chosen given the same continuous grouped data
frequency table. Write your answers in a Manila
paper.
3) After 10 minutes, students will report their
answers. They are given 3 minutes per group to
report.
Calculate the Mean/Median/Mode.
Express your answers into 2
decimal places.
Assessment Question:
From your answers, what
have you observed between
the mean, mode and median?
 GENERALIZATI
ON
How does descriptive statistics provide information about
the data?

Descriptive statistics summarize and organize

characteristics of a data set.
There are 3 main types of descriptive statistics:
• The distribution concerns the frequency of each value.
• The central tendency concerns the averages of the
values or gives a single number that best represent a
 QUIZ

Clear your desk and place only your

ball pen and calculator on it.
Quiz answer sheets with data sets will
be distrbuted.
 ASSIGNMEN
T
• Search previous studies related to your research topic.
• Identify what quantitative data analysis they used and
what statistical tests were applied.
• Write in a ½ crosswise paper.
• Print the portion of the previous study that shows the
data analysis calculation and presentation.”
• Submit it next meeting.
Thank
You