Introduction to
Landscape Urbanism
Theories
Landscape urbanism is a contemporary approach to
urban design that emphasizes the importance of
landscape as a primary organizational element. It
represents a shift from traditional building-centered
urbanism toward a more ecologically sensitive and
integrated planning approach.
Major Theories in Landscape Urbanism
• Ecological Infrastructure: Landscape urbanism emphasizes ecological processes
as a foundational component of urban design. Instead of treating nature as a
decorative addition, it becomes a structural part of the city. Key elements like
wetlands, rivers, and green corridors are not only valued for their aesthetics but for
their role in managing urban growth, enhancing biodiversity, and mitigating
climate effects.
Application:
The High Line in New York City is a prime example, where a former elevated
railway was transformed into a linear park that integrates green space with urban
infrastructure.
• Horizontal Urbanism: Traditional urbanism often focuses on vertical expansion (buildings, skyscrapers).
Landscape urbanism, however, advocates for horizontal interventions, where landscapes are used to
connect disparate urban spaces. This challenges the notion of compact cities and suggests more
interconnected landscapes that promote flexibility and adaptability in urban design.
Application:
In Rotterdam’s "Water Squares," landscape elements are used to create multifunctional public spaces that
manage excess water during storms.
• Ecological Urbanism: This branch of landscape urbanism focuses on integrating ecological systems into urban
planning. It highlights sustainability and resilience, recognizing that cities are part of larger ecosystems.
Application:
The Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration in Seoul, South Korea, is a renowned project where an urban highway
was replaced by a restored stream and park, improving the urban ecology and public space.
Before After
• Process Over Form: Instead of prioritizing fixed, formal designs, Landscape Urbanism values process-
driven projects that adapt over time. The dynamic nature of cities, climate, and human needs is recognized,
with designs expected to evolve and accommodate these changes.
Application:
Freshkills Park in New York City is a long-term project that is transforming a landfill into a park, focusing on
long-term ecological processes that shape the park over decades.
• Urban Ecology & Biophilia: Urban ecology promotes biodiversity and ecological balance within cities,
while biophilia emphasizes human connections to nature in urban environments.
Application:
Singapore’s Gardens by the Bay integrates biophilic design with urban infrastructure, merging nature and
technology.
