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Modals Verbs

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27 views22 pages

Modals Verbs

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MODALS

VERBS
ELEMENTARY
PROGRAMA DE COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL
UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR
2024
MODALS VERBS
A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb that expresses possibility or
necessity.

MODAL VERBS have special characteristics:


• they are followed by bare infinitive (infinitive without to);
• no –s on the 3rd person singular;
• no –ing form;
• no auxiliaries in the interrogative and negative forms.
CAN USES
a-Talking about general
ability.
b-Asking or giving
permission.
c-Request something
d-Making offers
e-General
e You can get lost without
__ a possibility
map.
b
__
c Now you can open your
books.
He can play the piano very well. d
__ Can you lend me some
a
money?
__ Can I help you dry the dishes?
CAN’t USES
a-Talking about general
inability.
b-Refusing permission.
c-Request something
d-Making present deductions
e-Making past deductions
e She can’t have broken the vase.
__
d He can’t be Peter. He’s in Paris now.
__
c Can’t you speak louder, please?
__
a I can’t speak any foreign languages.
He can’t read. He can’t be very clever. __
b Sorry, you can’t go out now.
__
Could – couldn’t USES
a-Talking about present or past
possibility/impossibility.
b-Talking about past ability/inability.
c-Making polite requests.
d-Asking for permission.
e-Used in 2nd and 3rd conditionals.
e I’d send him a card if I could buy
__
one.
d
__
b Could I borrow your dictionary?
Could you ride a bike when __
c I could swim when I was five.
you were a child? __
a Could you open it for me, please?
__ They could be at home by now.
must USES
a-Expressing obligation.
b-Making deductions about the present.
c-Making deductions about the past.
d-Giving advice (should is often used
instead)

c She must have missed the bus.


__
d You really must read this book.
__
b They must be very happy after passing their final
__
You must do your exams.
a
homework every day. __ They must finish the project by the end of this week.
Mustn’t USES
a-Expressing prohibition.
b-Expressing strong recommendation
( should is often used instead)
Remember that “mustn’t” is used to express
prohibition in the present, for prohibition in the
past we use “not allow” or “not let”. My parents
didn’t allow me to go to parties or my parents
didn’t let me go to parties.

b You mustn’t be so rude to people.


__
You mustn’t tell anybody.
__a We mustn’t fish in this river.
It’s top secret!
Have to USES
a-It expresses present/future obligation but it is
less strong than “must”.
b-It also expresses past obligation
c-It’s also used to express certainty, when we
are sure about something.

c Frank has to be as clever as his brother.


__
b They had to do the exam again because they had
__
cheated.
You have to be tall if you
a She has to go to the dentist.
__
want to be a basketball
player.
Don’t Have to USES
a-It is used to express absence of obligation.
Although it is the negative of “have to”, it is
never used to express prohibition like “mustn’t”.
b-To express absence of obligation in the past we
use” didn’t have to”.

a She doesn’t have to finish the book till next


__
week.
b
__ I didn’t have to buy a new dress for the party.
a
They don’t have to go
__ I don’t have to go to school today.
shopping today.
Needn’t USES
a-It’s used to express absence of obligation
(about the present or the future)
b-When followed by “have + past participle it is
used to talk about absence of obligation in the
past.

a You needn’t wear a tie. It’s optional.


__
b We needn’t have bought so many biscuits.
__
a Our teacher says we needn’t bring the
__
You needn’t shout! I’m not
textbooks tomorrow.
deaf!
may USES
a-Talking about specific possibility in the
present/future.
b- Talking about specific possibility in the past
(may+have+past participle)
c-Asking for permission.
d-Giving permission.
e-Making polite offers.
e May I help you with your bags?
__
a It may snow this afternoon.
__
d You may visit him at the weekend.
__
I’ve got a lot of work. I may c May I have another piece of cake?
__
finish late.
b She may have passed the exam.
__
might USES
a-Expressing annoyance.
b-Talking about specific possibility in the
present/future.
c-Talking about specific possibility in the past.
d-Making suggestions.
e-2nd and 3rd conditionals.
c She might have injured herself.
__
d You might try changing the battery.
__
a You might have told me before.
__
The child is crying e He might come if he had time.
__
desperately. He might have __
b She might phone this afternoon.
got lost.
should USES
a-Making criticisms.
b-Making deductions.
c-Making predictions.
d-Giving advice.
e-Expressing obligation (less strong than “must”)

d You should eat less fast food.


__
c They should be in Paris by now.
__
e You should study harder.
__
b He’s very hard working. He should pass the exam
__
You should do some
easily.
exercise every day. a
__ You should be more polite.
Shouldn’t USES
a-Making criticisms.
b-Making deductions.
c-Making predictions.
d-Giving advice.
e-Expressing obligation (less strong than “must”)

d You shouldn’t smoke. It’s bad for you.


__
c They shouldn’t arrive late if they take a taxi.
__
__
e You shouldn’t use your mobiles here.
__
a You shouldn’t have come.
You shouldn’t be afraid of
mice. They’re harmless. __
b He’s very self-confident. He shouldn’t be worried about
the interview.
Ought to USES
a-Making criticisms.
b-Making deductions.
c-Making predictions.
d-Giving advice.
e-Expressing obligation (less strong than “must”)

c He ought to be at school now.


__
__d You ought to play less.
__e You ought to be quiet in class.

My fish looks ill. I ought to __b We ought to do well in the exam. We have studied very
hard.
a
take it to the vet.
__ You ought to have worked harder.
shall USES
a-Making suggestions.
b-Making offers.
c-Making promises.
d-Asking for advice.

d What shall I do with this old handbag?


__
b Shall I give you a lift to the station?
__
a Shall we play some music?
__
Shall I bring you a smaller c I shall never let you down.
__
size?
will USES
a-Making predictions.
b-Making instant
decisions.
c-Making requests.
d-Making promises.
e-Making offers
f-Real conditions (1st type).
c Will you help me with my homework?
__
e I’ll wash the car if you are tired.
__
a In spring it will rain a lot.
__
__
d I will never forgive you.
I love you so much! Will you b What a beautiful dress! –I’ll buy it if it’s not very
__
marry me? expensive.
f
__ I’ll go out if he comes.
would USES
a-Expressing wishes.
b-Making requests.
c-Past habits.
d-Making offers.
e-Used in 2nd and f-3rd conditionals.

__
b Would you close the door, please?
__
e I would call her if I had her number.
__
a I would like to have a bigger house.
__
c I would often buy sweets when I was a child.
I would like to be rich and __
d Would you like some more sugar?
famous! __
f I would have gone to the party if it hadn’t been
raining.
practice
1- Children ________ stay away from fire.
a. Ought to b. must c. would
d. mustn’t

2- You _________ talk during tests. It’s forbidden!


b. don’t have to b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d.
might

3- They ________ hear him because he was whispering.


a. Wouldn’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t
practice
4- __________ you like to have dinner with me tonight?
a. Could b. may c. should
d. would

5- You _________ let him hear about the party tomorrow. It’s a
surprise!
a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. couldn’t d. can

6- I think your leg is broken. You ___ go to the emergency room.


a. Might b. could c. must
practice
Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have the same
meaning.

1- I suggest that you sleep early!


should sleep early
You __________________________________________
2- Eating is forbidden in class!
mustn’t eat in class
You ___________________________________________
3- Look at sky! it’s cloudy.
might rain
It ____________________________________________
practice
Use your imagination
Think about these situations and create a sentence using modals.

 We are going to Paris for a weekend. (Make suggestions about things to do)

 We start exams in January . (Talk about necessity)

 Your friend has got a headache. (Give him some advice)

 You want to borrow your elder brother’s laptop. (Ask for permission politely)

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