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Unit 3

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6 views

Unit 3

Uploaded by

nidaaa.0209
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERIPHERAL DEVICE

 I/Odevices attached to the computer


are called peripheral devices.
 Most common peripherals are key
board, display and printer.
 Other peripherals are magnetic disks,
pen drives.
I/O INTERFACES

 It provides a method for transferring


information between internal storage and
external I/O devices.
 The difference between peripheral devices
and central computer.
 Data transfer rate of peripheral devices are
slower than CPU.
 Data codes and formats in peripherals
devices differ from word format in CPU and
memory.
 Interfaces:
 The word interface is the general term for the
point of contact between two parts of the system.
 Two interfaces means to attach two or more
component or system , via the respective
interface points for data exchange between the
two main types of interfaces are
 CPU interface- between system bus and I/O
interface.
 I/O interface- between the devices and the system
bus.
The main function of input-output
interface circuits are
 Data conversion
 Synchronization
 Device selection.

Data conversion refers to conversion


between digital and analog signals and
conversion between serial and parallel
data formats.
 Synchronationrefers to matching of
operating speeds of CPU and others
peripherals.

 Device Selection refers to selection of


I/O device by CPU in a queue manner.
I/O bus and interfaces
modules
 I/O bus consists of data line , address line and control
line.
 Each peripheral devices has associated with in it
interface.
 Each interface decode the address and control
received from the I/O bus, Interrupts them from the
peripheral and provides signals for the peripherals
control also synchronise the data flow and supervisors
the transfer between peripheral and processor.
I/O COMMAND
 The function code refers to as IO command with
the instruction that is executed in the interface and
its attached peripheral unit.
 There are four of command , that interface may
receive.
 Control command
 Status command
 Output data
 Input data
Control command:
 It is to activate the peripherals and to
inform it what to do.

Status command:
 It is used to text the various status
condition in the peripheral and
interface.
 Output data:
The interface to respond by transferring data
from the bus into one of its registers.
Input data:
 In this case interface receive an item of data from
peripheral and places in registered.
I/O VERSUS MEMORY
BUS
 In addition to communicating with I/O the
processor must communicate with memory unit.
 There are three ways that computer bus can be
used to communicate with memory and I/O.
 Use one common bus for memory and I/O but
have separate control line, but same Address line
and data.
 Use one common bus for memory and I/O with
common control lines
 Use two separate bus one for memory and other
for I/O.
 In the last method the computer has independent
set of data , address and control bus, one for
accessing memory and the other for I/O.
 This is done by I/O processor(IOP).
 In addition to CPU the memory communicate with
CPU and IOP through memory bus.
 I/O is also called as data channel.
 The purpose of IOP is to provide and independent
pathway for the transfer of information between
external devices and internal memory.
ISOLATED VERSUS MEMORY MAPPED I/O
 Many computers use one common bus to transfer
information between memory or I/O and the CPU.
The distinction between memory transfer and I/O
transfer is made through separate read and write
lines.
 The CPU specifies whether the Address on address
on address line is for a memory word or for an
interface register by enabling one of two possible
read or write lines.
 I/O read and write control line are enable during
an memory transfer.
 Isolated I/O method for assigning address in a
common bus.
 In isolated I/O configuration CPU has distinct
input and output instruction and the instructions
associated with the dress of an interface register.
 When CPU fetches and decodes the operation code
an input or I/O instruction address associated with
the instruction into common address line.
 Memory I/O have different data type or each data
lines.
 Memory address value are hot affected by address
since each have it own address space.
 It employ only one set of read and write signals
and not distinguish between memory and I/O
address .
 This configuration referred as memory mapped
I/O.
 There is no specific input or output instructions.
 CPU can manipulate I/O data in interface registers
with same instruction for manipulate memory
word.
 The advantage is it can loaded store instruction for
reading and writing.
 Also used to input and output data from I/O
registers.
Example of I/O interface
 The block diagram consist of two data registers
called port , control registers , status registes , bus
buffers , and timing and control circuits.
 The chip select and register select determine the
address assigned to the interface.
 The I/O read and I/O write determines input and
output.
 The four registers directly communicate with I/O
devices attached to the interface.
 The control is send to the control register
the status information is received from
status register.
 The interface register communicates with
cpu through the directional bus.
 The address bus select the interface unit
through the chip select and two register
select inputs

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