CHAPTER 5

LINUX OPERATING
SYSTEM BASICS

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Linux Operating System Basics
outline
 Overview of Linux
 Linux Commands

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Linux Operating System Basics
Overview of Linux
 Linux is one of popular version of UNIX
operating System. It is open source as its
source code is freely available. It is free to
use.
 Linux was designed considering UNIX
compatibility. Its functionality list is quite
similar to that of UNIX.
 Kernel − Kernel is the core part of Linux. It is
responsible for all major activities of this
operating system.
 It consists of various modules and it
interacts directly with the underlying
hardware. Kernel provides the required
abstraction
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Linux Operating System Basics
Features of Linux Operating System
1. Free and Open-Source Software
 Open source means Linux is available with
its source code. And free means users have
freedom to make change in source code
according to their requirements.
 Modification versions can also be
redistributed.
 Also, most of the Linux flavors are either
totally free or costs very less compared to
another Operating system.
2. Flexibility in usage
 Linux can be used for high performance
server application, desktop application, and
embedded
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Linux Operating System Basics
Features of Linux Operating System
3. Multi User System
 Linux is multi-user Operating System. This
means, it allows multiple users to work
simultaneously on the same system.
 Different users can login from different
machines into the same machine by using
programs line ’TELENT’.
4. A Multi tasking System
 Linux is a multi-tasking operating System
too.it allows multiple programs to run
simultaneously.
 They execute in background without
requiring user interaction.
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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Layered Structure
 Linux is one of popular version of UNIX
operating System. It is open source as its
source code is freely available. It is free to
use. Linux was designed considering UNIX
compatibility. Its functionality list is quite
similar to that of UNIX.
 Linux is one of popular version of UNIX
operating System. It is open source as its
source code is freely available. It is free to
use. Linux was designed considering UNIX
compatibility. Its functionality list is quite
similar to that of UNIX.
 System Library − System libraries are special
functions
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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Commands
 pwd: Print Working Directory
syntax: pwd
Usage: print working directory name.
 cd: Change Directory
syntax: cd[directory]
Usage: Change working directory
Example:
cd …change working directory to home
directory
cd . . … change working directory to
parent directory
cd/usr/lib … … change working directory
to absolute path/usr/lib
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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Commands
 mkdir: Make directory
Syntax: mkdir directory
 rmdir: Remove Directory
Syntax: rmdir Directory
Usage: Removes an empty directory. If
the directory is not empty, it will not
be removed.
Examples: rmdir Test … removes
directory named Test if it is empty

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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Commands
 ls: List files
Syntax: ls [directory]
Usage: List out contents of a directory
Options:
a List out all files including hidden ones
d list only directories
 cp: copy command
Usage: The cp command is used to copy a
file or directory.
Syntax: cp <existing file name> <new file
name>
Options:
i: Interactive copying
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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Commands
cmp: Compare
syntax: cmp file1 file2
usage: Compares two files and gives
location of first mismatch
diff:
syntax: diff file1 file2
usage: Compares two files, gives location
of mismatch, as well as suggests changes to
make two files identical.
head:
syntax: head[-n] file
usage: display top of the file.
Example: head test.txt
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Linux Operating System Basics
Linux Commands
tail:
syntax: tail[-n] file
usage: display end of the file.
Example: tail test.txt
 sort
syntax: sort [options] file
usage: Sorts data in file.
Example: sort test.txt
 grep:
syntax: grep[options] pattern filename
usage: Display lines from files that match
the given pattern.
Example: grep “hello” test.txt ….simple
pattern
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 Thank You

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