Trauma and Other

Stressor Related

Stress Decoded:
Disorders in the DSM-5

Disorders and
Management in
Focus
Presentation
Table of contents
01 02 03
Introduction Identification Implication
What is Stress? Signs and Symptoms of Effects of Stress
Stress

04
Stress-Related 05
Disorders Management
Psychological Disorders Effective Strategies for
Coping with Stress
What is Stress?
Stress is the natural reaction your body has
when changes or challenges occur. It can
result in many different physical, emotional
and behavioral responses. It is our body's
reaction to pressure from a certain situation or
event.
It's a mind-and-body signal that helps you get
ready for what's ahead and can be triggered
when we feel threatened or under pressure, or
when we feel like we can't control a situation.
Signs and
Symptoms of Stress
Physical Symptoms:
 Headaches, Muscle Tension/Pain
 Sleep Disturbances
 Changes in Appetite
 Fatigue
Emotional Symptoms:
 Anxiety
 Irritability and Restlessness
 Low moods
Cognitive Symptoms:
 Attention and Concentration Problems
 Memory Deficits
 Negative and racing thoughts
Effects of Stress
On Mind On Body
 Stress has profound effects on the mind,  Physically, stress can manifest as
influencing emotional well-being and headaches, muscle tension, and fatigue,
cognitive functions. often disrupting sleep patterns and leading
 Chronic stress can lead to anxiety, to insomnia or excessive sleep.
depression, and mood swings, often  The digestive system is also affected,
making individuals feel overwhelmed and causing stomach issues such as nausea,
unable to cope with daily challenges. diarrhea, or constipation.
 Cognitive abilities are also affected,  Chronic stress increases the risk of
resulting in difficulty concentrating, cardiovascular problems, as it can elevate
memory problems, and negative thinking heart rate and blood pressure. Moreover,
patterns. Persistent stress can trigger stress can weaken the immune system,
racing thoughts and constant worry, which making the body more susceptible to
can further impair mental health and infections and illnesses.
overall quality of life.
Trauma and
Stressor
Related
Disorders
According to DSM5
1. Reactive Attatchment Disorder
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is a condition outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). It is characterized by a consistent pattern
of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers.
Children with RAD rarely or minimally seek comfort when distressed and rarely or minimally
respond to comfort when it is provided.
The disorder arises from a history of neglect, abuse, or frequent changes in caregivers, which
disrupts the development of stable attachments.

Diagnostic Criteria:
 Emotionally withdrawn behaviour(minimally seeks comfort)
 Social and Emotional Disturbance(limited positive affect and episodes of irritability)
 Patterns of Insufficient Care(neglect, lack of affection, foster care)
 Changes in Primary Caregivers
 Compromised Emotional Regulation Capacity
2. Disinhibited Social Engagement
Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) is a condition described in the DSM-5
characterized by a pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with
unfamiliar adults in a culturally inappropriate and overly familiar manner. This overly familiar
behavior violates the social boundaries of the culture.
This disorder is associated with a history of insufficient care, such as neglect, social
deprivation, or repeated changes in primary caregivers, which disrupts the development of
appropriate social boundaries.

Diagnostic Criteria:
 Absent or reduced reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.
 Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior(not age -appropriate)
 Diminished or absent checking back with adult caregivers
 Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
 The behaviors are not limited to impulsivity (as in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
but include socially disinhibited behavior.
 The child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care(neglect, deprivation,
limited stable attachments in childhood)
 3. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition described in the DSM-5. a mental
health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It may occur after
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is characterized by a
variety of symptoms that can severely impact an individual's daily life and functioning.

Diagnostic Criteria:
 Exposure to traumatic event(direct experience or witnessing)
 Intrusion symptoms like recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories or dreams of the
traumatic event
 Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic
event(s) are recurring.
 Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues.
 Avoidance symptoms like efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about the
traumatic event(s).
 Negative alterations in cognition and mood(negative emotional state, distorted cognition)

 Marked alteration in arousal and reactivity(hypervigilance, anger outburst, startled response, sleep
disturbances)
4. Acute Stress Disorder
Acute stress disorder (ASD) typically occurs within one month of a traumatic event. It may
occur in response to exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.
Symptoms are similar to those seen in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however this
disorder is temporary, lasing from a few days to a month. Some people with this disorder can
go on to develop PTSD.

Diagnostic Criteria:
 Exposure to traumatic event(direct or indirect)
 Intrusion symptoms(memories, dreams, flashbacks)
 Intense psychological distress or physiological reactions to cues resembling the traumatic
event.
 Negative moods and inability to experience positive emotions.
 Dissociative symptoms(altered sense of reality).
 Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s).
 Avoidance Symptoms(efforts to avoid thoughts, memories, feelings, similar external cues)
 Arousal symptoms(hypervigilance, sleep and concentration problems, outbursts)
5. Adjustment Disorders
Adjustment Disorders, as defined in the DSM-5 are characterized by the development of
emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor or stressors.
These symptoms occur within three months of the onset of the stressor and are marked by
distress that is out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor, or by significant
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Diagnostic Criteria:
 Emotional or behavioral symptoms develop in response to an identifiable stressor(s) within
three months of the onset of the stressor(s).
 Marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor
 Causes significant impairment in important areas of functioning
 The disturbance does not represent normal bereavement.
 May occur comorbidly with other disorders like-
i. Depression- sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, disinterest
ii. Anxiety- nervousness, apprehension, worry, lack of concentration
iii. Conduct Disorders- self-destructive or reckless behaviors
and other unspecified disorders.
 Effect
Management of
Stress
Management Strategies
 Managing Stress Levels

Practice Adequate
Journaling
Mindfulness Sleep
Provides a private space
Quality sleep helps the
to express your Techniques like deep
body recover and better
emotions, reflect, and breathing, meditation,
manage stressful
process what you're and mindfulness help
situations
going through calm the mind and
reduce stress.
More Stress Management
Positive Stay
Techniques
Minset Connected
Practicing positive Maintaining healthy
thinking and gratitude can relationships and seeking
shift focus away from support from friends and family
stressors and improve can provide emotional support.
Manage
overall mood. Engage in
Time Hobbies
Prioritizing tasks and Participating in activities
managing time effectively you enjoy can distract
can reduce feelings of from stress and bring
being overwhelmed. pleasure and relaxation.
Thank
You!