METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES
SRUTHI S
(2024237021)
METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES
Metal hydride batteries, more commonly known as Nickel-metal
hydride (NiMH) batteries.
They are rechargeable batteries that use hydrogen-absorbing alloy for
negative electrode (anode) and nickel hydroxide for the positive
electrode (cathode).
These batteries are often studied in materials science, chemistry,
particularly for their electrochemical properties and potential
applications in energy state.
Nickel metal hydride are related to sealed Nickel cadmium batteries and only differ from
them in that instead of cadmium, hydrogen is used as the active element at a hydrogen-
absorbing negative electrode.
This electrode is made from a metal hydride usually alloys of lanthanum and rare earth, that
serve as solid source of reduced hydrogen that can be oxidized to form protons.
The electrolyte is alkaline potassium hydroxide.
Cell Voltage is 1.2 Volts.
Anode reaction:
MH + OH- M + H2O + e- (0.83 Voltage)
Cathodic reaction:
NiOOH + H2O + e- Ni(OH)2 + OH- (0.52 Voltage)
DURING CHARGING OF NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES:
During charging, water molecules are generated from hydroxide ions at the positive electrode.
Water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen atoms and hydroxide ions at the negative
electrode, and the hydrogen atoms are stored in a hydrogen storage alloy.
The chemical reaction formula is as follows (Here, M means hydrogen storage alloy).
Chemical reaction at positive electrode:
Ni(OH)2 + OH- NiOOH + H2O + e-
Chemical reaction at negative electrode:
M + H2O + e- MH + OH-
Overall reaction:
Ni(OH)2 + M NiOOH + MH
DURING DISCHARGING OF NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES:
During discharging, hydroxide ions are generated from water molecules at the positive
electrode, and they move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the
electrolyte. Hydroxide ions transferred to the negative electrode receive hydrogen ions
from the hydrogen storage alloy and return to water molecules.
The chemical reaction formula is as follows
Chemical reaction at positive electrode:
NiOOH + H2O + e- Ni(OH) 2 + OH-
Chemical reaction at negative electrode:
MH + OH- M + H 2O + e -
Overall reaction:
NiOOH + MH Ni(OH)2 + M
ADVANTAGES: DRAWBACKS:
• High energy density (Wh/Kg) • High Self-discharge rate
• Low internal impedance • Battery detoriates during long
time storage.
• Flat discharge characteristics
• Less tolerate of overcharging
• Wide operating temperature range
than Ni-Cd Battery.
• Can be deep cycled
• Lower capacity and cell voltage
• Typical cycle life is over 3000 than alkaline primary cells.
cycles
• Suffers from memory effect
• Tolerates overcharge and over- though not as pronounced as
discharge with Ni-Cd batteries, etc.
• Rapid Charge
• Environmentally friendly.
APPLICATIONS:
• They are used in used low-cost consumer applications.
• They are used in automotive batteries.
• They are used in electric razors.
• They are used in high power static applications.
• They are used in commercial and industrial portable products.
• They are used in media instruments and equipment.
• They are used in toys, cameras, mobile, phones, etc.
THANK YOU
