- Alkenes
- Alkynes
Mr. Shields Regents Chemistry U16 L03
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Alkenes
Like the alkanes, the Alkenes form another
homologous hydrocarbon series
Each member contains one double covalent
bond between two C atoms.
So alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
General formula = CnH2n (2H less than the Alkanes)
n 2n
What was the general formula for the Alkanes?
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Saturated vs Unsaturated
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Saturation vs. Unsaturation
H H
Simply put, a saturated H H
hydrocarbon has no H
C
C
C
C
H
CH3(CH2)2CH3
double bonds between H H
H H
the Carbon atoms (ex.
alkanes)
CH3 CH
Unsaturated has one or CH CH3
more double or triple
bonds between carbons
(alkenes, alkynes)
H3C C
C CH3
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Physical properties of the Alkenes
-Alkenes have properties similar to the alkanes
- Insoluble in water
- But very soluble in organic solvents
- Less dense than water (density of water = 1.0)
- B.P. and M.P increase w/ increasing carbon #
- Slightly lower than the corresponding alkane
- As with alkanes B.P rises about 20-30 C per carbon
- Hexane b.p. 69 C; 1-Hexene b.p. 63.5 C
- Heptane b.p. 98 C; 1-Heptene b.p. 93 C
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Naming Alkenes
Names are derived using the same prefix used
to name the alkane chain with the same number
of C atoms.
Replace the –ane ending of the alkane name
with –ene.
1st member is C2H4, ethene.
H H Why 1st ?
C= C
H H
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Naming Alkenes
Location of double bond is specified by numbering
C atoms in longest C backbone. Give double
bond the lowest possible number.
Do not use a # if there is only 1 possible location
1-butene (not 3) 2-butene
H HH
C=C–C–C–H H H HH Structural Formula
H H H H H–C–C=C–C–H
H H
C4H8 C4H8 Chemical formula
CH2CHCH2CH3 Condensed
CH3CHCHCH3 Structural formula
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Alkene Homologous Series
(w/ C1-C2 double bond)
Ethene C=C
Propene C-C=C
1-Butene C-C-C=C
1-Pentene C-C-C-C=C
1-Hexene C-C-C-C-C=C
1-Heptene C-C-C-C-C-C=C
1-Octene C-C-C-C-C-C-C=C
1-Nonene C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C=C
1-Decene C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C=C
What is the name of this alkene? C-C-C=C-C-C-C
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Naming Alkenes
Once double bond is numbered specify substituents
alphabetically by carbon number
Do not use a number if there is only 1 possible location
Use di, tri and tetra for multiple substituents of the same
group
2,3-dimethyl-1-butene
C=C–C–C Structural Formula
C C (w/o the H)
C6H12 Chemical formula
Condensed
CH2C(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 Structural formula
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Problems:
Draw the following alkenes:
2-Butene
methylpropene
4–Methyl–2-pentene
3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene
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Name this Compound:
And
“E” before “M”
4-ethyl-5-methyl-4-octene (why? What is the
longest C chain? 11
Alkynes
Homologous series of unsaturated
hydrocarbons that contain one triple
bond.
Each member contains one triple
carbon-carbon bond.
Alkynes are unsaturated.
General formula = CnH2n-2
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Alkyne Homologous Series
(w/ C1-C2 triple bond)
Ethyne C C
Propyne C-C C
1-Butyne C-C-C C
1-Pentyne C-C-C-C C
1-Hexyne C-C-C-C-C C
1-Heptyne C-C-C-C-C-C C
1-Octyne C-C-C-C-C-C-C C
1-Nonyne C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C
1-Decyne C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C
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Ethyne
(Common name)
A common use of one of the alkynes:
The Acetylene torch
What is the IUPAC name for this compound?
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Hydrocarbon Table
Notice that each
Of the hydrocarbon
Families differs
From the next
By 2 hydrogen
Alkanes share 1pr e-
Alkenes share 2pr e-
Alkynes share 3pr e-
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Naming Alkynes
Use the corresponding name from the alkane
series and change the –ane to –yne.
If necessary, number the carbon atom at which
the triple bond occurs with the lowest number.
Use the same naming process you used for
naming Alkenes
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Structural Chemical Name Condensed
Formula Formula Structural formula
H–CC–H C2H2 ethyne CHCH
H
H–CC–C–H C3H4 propyne CHCCH3
H
HH
H–CC–C–C–H C4H6 1-butyne CHCCH2CH3
HH
H H
H–C–CC–C–H C4H6 2-butyne CH3CCCH3
H H
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Can you name this compound?
3-ethyl-1-pentyne
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Problems
Name this alkyne:
C
C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C
C C C
C C
C
5,7-diethyl-3-methyl-4-decyne
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