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Unit 3 Scheduling

Maintenance engineering I

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26 views12 pages

Unit 3 Scheduling

Maintenance engineering I

Uploaded by

nombusonndlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 3:

SCHEDULING

Prepared by: Vuyo S Katiya


DEFINITION

 Project scheduling refers to the process of organizing, planning, and managing a project’s tasks, resources, and timeline to
ensure that the project is completed efficiently and on time. It involves defining the tasks that need to be completed,
determining the order in which they should be done, assigning resources to each task, and estimating the time required for each
task.
It is deciding WHEN and by WHOM the job is done.
Scheduling is concerned with the matching of labor, Time and material resources (spares, spanners, safety protocols etc.).
Scheduling types:
 Long term scheduling.
 Preventive work scheduling.
 Shutdown scheduling.
 Project workshop scheduling.
 Job shop scheduling
 Area workshop.

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SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES

Gantt chart:
It is a popular type of scheduling technique, showing the interrelationships of how projects, schedules, and other time-related
systems progress over time.
Process:
Define Scope—the process of developing a detailed description of the
project and product.

 Create WBS—the process of subdividing project deliverables and project


work into smaller, more manageable components.

Sequence Activities - The process of identifying and documenting dependencies among the project activities

Estimate Activity Durations - The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, human resources, equipment, or
supplies required to perform each activity.
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LOGICAL DEPENDANCIES

There are four main type of logical dependencies namely:


 Finish-to-Start (FS): where one task (Task B) cannot start until another task (Task A) finishes. It indicates that there is a sequential relationship
between tasks.

Finish-to-Finish (FF): one task (Task A) cannot finish until another task (Task B) finishes.

Start-to-Start (SS): one task (Task B) cannot start until another task (Task A) starts.

Start-to-Finish (SF): one task (Task A) cannot finish until another task (Task B) starts.

Gantt charts provide a standard format for displaying schedule information by listing activities with their corresponding start and
finish dates with a calendar. Gantt chart is a bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates
are shown on the horizontal axis and activity duration is shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.

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GANTT CHART EXAMPLE

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TASK ON BAR CHART

Activity Description Predecessor Duration (days)

A Cleaning - 2 days

B Decor A 3 days

C Church service D 1 day

D Sitting plan B 3 days

E Catering C 2 days

F Transportation - 3 week

G Music band C 2 days

H Photographer D 3 days

I Speakers C 3 day

J Gifts I 2 day

K Honeymoon J 5 days

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A

B
C

D
E
Figure 2.1: Gant chart
F
G

H
I

J
K

Time(h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rs)

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NETWORK DIAGRAM

Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing. A network diagram is a schematic display of the
logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities. In the Activity- On-Arrow (AOA) approach, or the Arrow
Diagramming Method (ADM), activities are represented by arrows and connected at points called nodes (starting and ending
point of an activity) to illustrate the sequence of activities.

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CONTINUES….
A critical path of a project is the series of activities that determines the earliest time by which the project can be completed. It is
the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float. Slack or float is the amount of time an
activity may be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the project finish date. The longest path or the path containing
the critical tasks drives the completion date of the project.

Using the two-pass methodology, the Critical Path can be determined by applying the forward and backward pass
on the network diagram. These are done using the key elements of each activity on the network diagram which
are as follows:
 Early start date (ES)
Early finish date (EF)
Late start date (LS)
Late finish date (LF

This is the process that identifies all the earliest times, by calculating the early start date and early finish date for all the
activities. If we take an example where there are two activities A and B, with a finish-to-start relationship, this means A must be
completed before B can start. The early finish date of an activity is calculated by adding the activity duration to the early start
date. This backward pass is an activity that finds all the latest times and begins with the last activity in the project. For each
activity, we first determine the LF value followed by the LS value.

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CONTINUES……

When the backward and forward passes have been determined, it is possible to determine which activities can be delayed by
computing the slack or float. Total Slack (or Total Float) is the amount of time an activity can be delayed or extended from its
early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint. (Project Management Institute,
2017:725). The critical path is the network path(s) that has (have) the least slack in common. The formula for slack is the
difference between LS and ES or LF and EF

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ACTIVITY ON NODE

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