Understanding P&ID
By Arif Rakhmawan, S.T, M.T.
Depok, 31 Oct 2024
Contents
1. Objective
2. Information to be shown on
P&ID
3. P&ID Legend
4. Process Control
5. Safeguarding Devices
6. Sample Typical P&ID
2
7. Isometric Drawing
OBJECTIVE
Understand how to read P&ID
Understand process & operating philosophy
Understand how to read Isometric drawing
What is the difference between:
Process Block Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
Piping & Instrumentation
Diagram
4
PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
6
Who generate and utilize P&ID?
Piping
Vend
Instrument
or
Chemical / Process
Mechanical Consult
ant
Electrical
Control Producti
Others
on
Safety
7
What is P&ID?
A P&ID is a type of process engineering drawing that describes all process design aspects of a
plant/facility.
What does the Information to be shown in P&ID ?
Major and Minor Equipment
Piping
.
Instrumentation
Safety Devices
Motor and Driver
8
Equipment Items
• Item number and service names
1
• All nozzles and nozzles size including manholes, steam out,
purge out, safety relief valve, instruments, vent, drain
2 connection, etc.
• Spectacle blinds/ spacer shall be indicated according to the
3 maintenance philosophy of each project.
• For rotary machinery (Pump/ Compressor/ Blower), The type
and the driver type shall be indicated including utility
4 connections which are required.
• For tower/vessel/drum and tank, schematic drawing for
internals shall be shown, such as: tray/ packing, demister,
5 inlet baffles, vortex breakers, dip pipe, etc.
Piping
all piping parts
Line number
such as valves,
for all lines
check valves, Line class
according to
reducers, break point
project
blinds,
specifications
strainers, etc.
required for
Line sizes,
All process process reason,
tracing and
vents, draining, such as vent to
insulations
steam out, safe location,
shall be
purge out no pocket, free
covered by a
connections drain, slops,
line number
etc
Instrumentations
All local Instrument tag
instruments, number
The type of
including according to
instruments
control project
equipment specifications
Instrument
signal lines Set pressure and
Instrument air
according to size of safety
failure action
project relief valve
specifications
12
P&ID Legends
Definition
Contain information needed
1 2 Equipment
Equipment symbols &
to interpret & read the P&ID abbreviations
Piping Control
Control/on-off/shut
Piping symbols &
abbreviations
5 3 down valve details
Instrument
4 Instrument symbols &
abbreviations
Note: P&ID legend of one project may
be different to others, depends on
client‘s spec
Piping Symbols
13
Equipment
Identification
14
Equipment Symbol
15
Instrument Symbols
16
Process
Control
Type of Process Control
Single
Integrated
Feedback
Control
Control
Cascade
Flow
control
control
Split
Range
Level
Control
control
Override/
Pressur Selective Control
e
control Ratio
Control
Temperatur
e Control
18
Integrated Process
Control
(a) Cascade control
Cascade control is usually use two controls in one Control Valve.
MV of primary controller reset the set point of secondary controller.
19
Safeguarding Devices
In order to maintain process plants on the safe side
all the time, various kinds of safeguarding devices
are provided.
Voting system
Depressuring valve
Emergency Shutdown Valves
Pressure Safety Valves
20
WING TO RELIEF
SSV HP LP TEST HEADER
CHOKE HEADER HEADER HEADER
MASTER
SSV
Wellhead System FROM
OTHER
WELLHEADS
TO TEST
SEPARATOR
TO LP SEPARATOR
TO HP SEPARATOR
21
Cause a primary separation of
Separator most gas from liquid
Refine the primary separation
by removing most of the
entrained liquid mist from the
gas
Ensure that no re-entrainment
of one into the other take place
when discharging the separated
gas and liquid from the
separator
Further refine the separation by
removing the entrained gas
from the liquid
22
22
Why require
What is Pump? increase
pressure
Pumping
Pump Pump
Application Schematic
23
Compressor
24
What do you see from below
Separator P&ID
25
Thank You
26
