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1.5 Computing Environment

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17 views

1.5 Computing Environment

Uploaded by

revicse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARASU ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

CS3451 – INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATING SYSTEMS
II YEAR / IV SEMESTER
Anna University Syllabus, 2021
Regulation
Prepared by
Mrs. V. Revathy
Assistant
Professor/ CSE
Computing Environments -
Traditional
 Stand-alone general purpose machines
 But blurred as most systems interconnect with others
(i.e., the Internet)
 Portals provide web access to internal systems
 Network computers (thin clients) are like Web terminals
 Mobile computers interconnect via wireless networks
 Networking becoming ubiquitous – even home
systems use firewalls to protect home computers
from Internet attacks

CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC


Computing Environments -
Mobile
Handheld smartphones, tablets, etc
What is the functional difference between
them and a “traditional” laptop?
Extra feature – more OS features (GPS,
gyroscope)
Allows new types of apps like augmented reality
Use IEEE 802.11 wireless, or cellular data
networks for connectivity
Leaders are Apple iOS and Google Android
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments –
Distributed
 Distributed computiing
Collection of separate, possibly heterogeneous, systems
networked together
 Network is a communications path, TCP/IP most common
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Personal Area Network (PAN)

Network Operating System provides


features between systems across network
 Communication scheme allows systems to exchange messages
 Illusion of a single system
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments:
Client/Server
 Client-Server Computing
 Dumb terminals supplanted by smart PCs
 Many systems now servers, responding to requests generated
by
clients
 Compute-server system provides an interface to client to
request services (i.e., database)
 File-server system provides interface for clients to store
and retrieve files

CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC


Computing Environments –
Peer2Peer
 Another model of distributed system
 P2P does not distinguish clients
and servers
 Instead all nodes are considered
peers
 May each act as client, server or both
 Node must join P2P network
 Registers its service with central lookup service
on network, or
 Broadcast request for service and respond to
requests for service via discovery protocol
 Examples include Napster and Gnutella,
Voice over IP (VoIP) such as Skype
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments-
 Allows operating systems to run applications within other
Virtualization
OS
 Vast and growing industry
 Emulation used when source CPU type different
from target type (i.e. PowerPC to Intel x86)
 Generally slowest method
 When computer language not compiled to native
code –
Interpretation
 Virtualization – OS natively compiled for CPU,
running
guest OS also natively compiled
 Consider VMware running WinXP guests, each7
running applications, all on native WinXP host OS
Computing Environments-
Virtualization
 Use cases involve laptops and desktops running multiple
OSes for exploration or compatibility
 Apple laptop running Mac OS X host, Windows as a guest
 Developing apps for multiple OSes without having
multiple systems
 QA testing applications without having multiple systems
 Executing and managing compute environments
within data centers
 VMM can run natively, in which case they are also the
host
 There is no general purpose host then (VMware ESX and Citrix
XenServer)
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
Computing Environments-
Virtualization

CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC


Computing Environments–Cloud
Comp.
 Delivers computing, storage, even apps as a service across a network
 Logical extension of virtualization because it uses virtualization as the base for
it functionality.
 Amazon EC2 has thousands of servers, millions of virtual machines,
petabytes
of storage available across the Internet, pay based on usage
 Many types
 Public cloud – available via Internet to anyone willing to pay
 Private cloud – run by a company for the company’s own use
 Hybrid cloud – includes both public and private cloud components
 Software as a Service (SaaS) – one or more applications available via the
Internet (i.e., word processor)
 Platform as a Service (PaaS) – software stack ready for application use via
the Internet (i.e., a database server)
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – servers or storage available over Internet
(i.e., storage availableCS3451-IOS/
for backup use) / AP/ CSE - AEC
V. REVATHY
Computing Environments–Cloud
Comp.
Cloud computing environments composed of
traditional OSes, plus VMMs, plus cloud
management tools
Internet connectivity requires
security like firewalls
Load balancers spread traffic
across multiple applications

CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC


Computing Environments – Real-Time
Embedded Systems
 Real-time embedded systems most prevalent form
of computers
 Vary considerable, special purpose, limited purpose OS, real
time OS -
 Use expanding
 Many other special computing environments as
well
 Some have OSes, some perform tasks without an OS
 Real-time OS has well-defined fixed time
constraints
 Processing must be done within constraint
 Correct operation
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC
only if constraints met
Open-Source Operating
Systems
 Operating systemsmade available in source-code
format rather than just binary closed-source
 Counter to the copy protection and Digital
Rights Management (DRM) movement
 Started by Free Software Foundation (FSF), which
has
“copyleft” GNU Public License (GPL)
 Examples include GNU/Linux and BSD UNIX (including
core of Mac OS X), and many more
 Can use VMM like VMware Player (Free on Windows),
Virtualbox (open source and free on many platforms -
http://www.virtualbox.com)
 Use to run guest CS3451-IOS/
operatingV. REVATHY
systems/ AP/
forCSE
exploration
- AEC
Thank You
CS3451-IOS/ V. REVATHY / AP/ CSE - AEC

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