CLIMATE

CHANGE
WHAT IS CLIMATE
CHANGE?
Climate change is a long-term change
in the
average conditions, like temperature
and
precipitation, over a more than thirty-
Changes can occuryear
naturally but typically
period.
we are referring to human-induced
climate change from air pollution.
 EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
-Global Temperature Is Rising
The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven
largely by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and other human activities.4 Most of the warming occurred in the past 40
years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on record.
-The Ocean Is Getting Warmer
The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 100 meters (about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of 0.67 degrees
Fahrenheit (0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969.6 Earth stores 90% of the extra energy in the ocean.
-The Ice Sheets Are Shrinking
-
The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland
lost an average of 279 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost about 148 billion tons of ice per year
-Glaciers Are Retreating
Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa
-Snow Cover Is Decreasing
Satellite observations reveal that the amount of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the past five decades and the
snow is melting earlier
-Arctic Sea Ice Is Declining
Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades
-Both the Ocean Acidification Is Increasing
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30%.13, 14 This increase is due to
humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the ocean. The ocean has absorbed between
20% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in recent decades (7.2 to 10.8 billion metric tons per year).
CAUSES OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
• Natural and human-caused
• Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide,
methane, and nitrous oxide ETC.
• Human Activities(industry, transportation, deforestation etc.)
 CLIMATE CHANGE
EFFECT AND IMPACTS
Climate Change can Affect and have Impact to
Environment,Ethical,
Social And Economy.

ANY
OTHERS?
 EFFECTS AND IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
-Hotter temperatures
As greenhouse gas concentrations rise, so does the global surface temperature. The last decade, 2011-2020, is the warmest on record. Since the 1980s, each
decade has been warmer than the previous one. Nearly all land areas are seeing more hot days and heat waves. Higher temperatures increase heat-related
illnesses and make working outdoors more difficult. Wildfires start more easily and spread more rapidly when conditions are hotter. Temperatures in the Arctic
have warmed at least twice as fast as the global average.
-More severe storms
Destructive storms have become more intense and more frequent in many regions. As temperatures rise, more moisture evaporates, which exacerbates
extreme rainfall and flooding, causing more destructive storms. The frequency and extent of tropical storms is also affected by the warming ocean. Cyclones,
hurricanes, and typhoons feed on warm waters at the ocean surface. Such storms often destroy homes and communities, causing deaths and huge economic
losses.
-A warming, rising ocean
The ocean soaks up most of the heat from global warming. The rate at which the ocean is warming strongly increased over the past two decades, across all
depths of the ocean. As the ocean warms, its volume increases since water expands as it gets warmer. Melting ice sheets also cause sea levels to rise,
threatening coastal and island communities. In addition, the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, keeping it from the atmosphere. But more carbon dioxide makes
the ocean more acidic, which endangers marine life and coral reefs.
-Loss of species
Climate change poses risks to the survival of species on land and in the ocean. These risks increase as temperatures climb. Exacerbated by climate change,
the world is losing species at a rate 1,000 times greater than at any other time in recorded human history. One million species are at risk of becoming extinct
within the next few decades. Forest fires, extreme weather, and invasive pests and diseases are among many threats related to climate change. Some species
will be able to relocate and survive, but others will not.
 EFFECTS AND
IMPACT OF CLIMATE
-Increased drought

CHANGE
Climate change is changing water availability, making it scarcer in more regions. Global warming exacerbates water shortages in already water-
stressed regions and is leading to an increased risk of agricultural droughts affecting crops, and ecological droughts increasing the vulnerability
of ecosystems. Droughts can also stir destructive sand and dust storms that can move billions of tons of sand across continents. Deserts are
expanding, reducing land for growing food. Many people now face the threat of not having enough water on a regular basis.
-Not enough food
Changes in the climate and increases in extreme weather events are among the reasons behind a global rise in hunger and poor nutrition.
Fisheries, crops, and livestock may be destroyed or become less productive. With the ocean becoming more acidic, marine resources that feed
billions of people are at risk. Changes in snow and ice cover in many Arctic regions have disrupted food supplies from herding, hunting, and
fishing. Heat stress can diminish water and grasslands for grazing, causing declining crop yields and affecting livestock.
-More health risks
Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. Climate impacts are already harming health, through air pollution, disease,
extreme weather events, forced displacement, pressures on mental health, and increased hunger and poor nutrition in places where people
cannot grow or find sufficient food. Every year, environmental factors take the lives of around 13 million people. Changing weather patterns are
expanding diseases, and extreme weather events increase deaths and make it difficult for health care systems to keep up.
-Poverty and displacement
Climate change increases the factors that put and keep people in poverty. Floods may sweep away urban slums, destroying homes and
livelihoods. Heat can make it difficult to work in outdoor jobs. Water scarcity may affect crops. Over the past decade (2010–2019), weather-
related events displaced an estimated 23.1 million people on average each year, leaving many more vulnerable to poverty. Most refugees come
from countries that are most vulnerable and least ready to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE
CHANGE
1.SAVE ENERGY AT HOME
MUCH OF OUR ELECTRICITY AND HEAT ARE POWERED BY COAL, OIL AND GAS. USE LESS ENERGY
BY REDUCING YOUR HEATING AND COOLING USE, SWITCHING TO LED LIGHT BULBS AND ENERGY-
EFFICIENT ELECTRIC APPLIANCES, WASHING YOUR LAUNDRY WITH COLD WATER, OR HANGING
THINGS TO DRY INSTEAD OF USING A DRYER. IMPROVING YOUR HOME’S ENERGY EFFICIENCY,
THROUGH BETTER INSULATION FOR INSTANCE, OR REPLACING YOUR OIL OR GAS FURNACE WITH
AN ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP CAN REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 900 KILOGRAMS OF
CO2E PER YEAR. GET MORE ENERGY TIPS FOR YOUR HOME HERE.

2.CHANGE YOUR HOME'S SOURCE OF ENERGY

ASK YOUR UTILITY COMPANY IF YOUR HOME ENERGY COMES FROM OIL, COAL OR GAS. IF POSSIBLE,
SEE IF YOU CAN SWITCH TO RENEWABLE SOURCES SUCH AS WIND OR SOLAR. OR INSTALL SOLAR
PANELS ON YOUR ROOF TO GENERATE ENERGY FOR YOUR HOME. SWITCHING YOUR HOME FROM
OIL, GAS OR COAL-POWERED ENERGY TO RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY, SUCH AS WIND OR
SOLAR, CAN REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 1.5 TONS OF CO2E PER YEAR. LEARN
MORE ABOUT WHY SWITCHING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY IS KEY TO TACKLING THE CLIMATE CRISIS.

3.WALK, BIKE OR TAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORT

THE WORLD’S ROADWAYS ARE CLOGGED WITH VEHICLES, MOST OF THEM BURNING DIESEL OR
GASOLINE. WALKING OR RIDING A BIKE INSTEAD OF DRIVING WILL REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS -- AND HELP YOUR HEALTH AND FITNESS. FOR LONGER DISTANCES, CONSIDER TAKING
A TRAIN OR BUS. AND CARPOOL WHENEVER POSSIBLE. LIVING CAR-FREE CAN REDUCE YOUR
CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 2 TONS OF CO2E PER YEAR COMPARED TO A LIFESTYLE USING A
CAR. LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW TO GREEN YOUR TRAVEL.
SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE
CHANGE
4.SWITCH TO AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
IF YOU PLAN TO BUY A CAR, CONSIDER GOING ELECTRIC, WITH MORE AND CHEAPER MODELS COMING ON
THE MARKET. IN MANY COUNTRIES, ELECTRIC CARS HELP REDUCE AIR POLLUTION AND CAUSE
SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THAN GAS OR DIESEL-POWERED VEHICLES. BUT
MANY ELECTRIC CARS STILL RUN ON ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FROM FOSSIL FUELS, AND THE BATTERIES
AND ENGINES REQUIRE RARE MINERALS WHICH OFTEN COME WITH HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
COSTS. SWITCHING FROM A GASOLINE OR DIESEL-POWERED CAR TO AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE CAN REDUCE
YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 2 TONS OF CO2E PER YEAR. A HYBRID VEHICLE CAN SAVE YOU UP TO
700 KILOGRAMS OF CO2E PER YEAR.

5.CONSIDER YOUR TRAVEL

AIRPLANES BURN LARGE AMOUNTS OF FOSSIL FUELS, PRODUCING SIGNIFICANT GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS. THAT MAKES TAKING FEWER FLIGHTS ONE OF THE FASTEST WAYS TO REDUCE YOUR
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. WHEN YOU CAN, MEET VIRTUALLY, TAKE A TRAIN, OR SKIP THAT LONG-DISTANCE
TRIP ALTOGETHER. TAKING ONE LESS LONG-HAUL RETURN FLIGHT CAN REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT
BY UP TO ALMOST 2 TONS OF CO2E. LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW TO GREEN YOUR TRAVEL.

6.REDUCE, REUSE, REPAIR AND RECYCLE

ELECTRONICS, CLOTHES, PLASTICS AND OTHER ITEMS WE BUY CAUSE CARBON EMISSIONS AT EACH POINT
IN PRODUCTION, FROM THE EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS TO MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORTING
GOODS TO MARKET. TO PROTECT THE CLIMATE, BUY FEWER THINGS, SHOP SECOND-HAND, AND REPAIR
WHAT YOU CAN. PLASTICS ALONE GENERATED 1.8 BILLION METRIC TONNES OF GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS IN 2019 – 3.4 PER CENT OF THE GLOBAL TOTAL. LESS THAN 10 PER CENT IS RECYCLED, AND
ONCE PLASTIC IS DISCARDED, IT CAN LINGER FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS. BUYING FEWER NEW CLOTHES –
AND OTHER CONSUMER GOODS – CAN ALSO REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT. EVERY KILOGRAM OF
TEXTILES PRODUCED GENERATES ABOUT 17 KILOGRAMS OF CO2E.
SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE
CHANGE
7.EAT MORE VEGETABLES
EATING MORE VEGETABLES, FRUITS, WHOLE GRAINS, LEGUMES, NUTS, AND SEEDS, AND LESS MEAT AND DAIRY, CAN SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER YOUR
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. PRODUCING PLANT-BASED FOODS GENERALLY RESULTS IN FEWER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REQUIRES LESS ENERGY,
LAND, AND WATER. SHIFTING FROM A MIXED TO A VEGETARIAN DIET CAN REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 500 KILOGRAMS OF CO2E PER
YEAR (OR UP TO 900 KILOGRAMS FOR A VEGAN DIET). LEARN MORE ABOUT THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FOOD AND CLIMATE CHANGE.

8.THROW AWAY LESS FOOD

WHEN YOU THROW FOOD AWAY, YOU'RE ALSO WASTING THE RESOURCES AND ENERGY THAT WERE USED TO GROW, PRODUCE, PACKAGE, AND
TRANSPORT IT. AND WHEN FOOD ROTS IN A LANDFILL, IT PRODUCES METHANE, A POWERFUL GREENHOUSE GAS. SO PURCHASE ONLY WHAT YOU NEED,
USE WHAT YOU BUY AND COMPOST ANY LEFTOVERS. CUTTING YOUR FOOD WASTE CAN REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT BY UP TO 300 KILOGRAMS OF
CO2E PER YEAR.

9.PLANT NATIVE SPECIES

IF YOU HAVE A GARDEN OR EVEN JUST A PLANT OR TWO OUTSIDE YOUR HOME, CHECK FOR NATIVE SPECIES. USE A PLANT IDENTIFICATION APP TO HELP.
AND THEN THINK ABOUT REPLACING NON-NATIVES, ESPECIALLY ANY CONSIDERED INVASIVE. PLANTS, ANIMALS AND INSECTS DEPEND ON EACH OTHER.
MOST INSECTS WILL NOT EAT NON-NATIVE PLANTS, WHICH MEANS BIRDS AND OTHER SPECIES LOSE A FOOD SOURCE. BIODIVERSITY SUFFERS. EVEN A
SINGLE TREE OR SHRUB CAN OFFER A REFUGE – JUST REMEMBER TO SKIP INSECTICIDES AND OTHER CHEMICALS.

10.CLEAN UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT

HUMANS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS ALL SUFFER FROM LAND AND WATER CONTAMINATED BY IMPROPERLY DISCARDED GARBAGE. USE WHAT YOU NEED, AND
WHEN YOU HAVE TO THROW SOMETHING OUT, DISPOSE OF IT PROPERLY. EDUCATE OTHERS TO DO THE SAME, AND PARTICIPATE IN LOCAL CLEAN-UPS OF
PARKS, RIVERS, BEACHES AND BEYOND. EVERY YEAR, PEOPLE THROW OUT 2 BILLION TONS OF TRASH. ABOUT A THIRD CAUSES ENVIRONMENT HARMS,
FROM CHOKING WATER SUPPLIES TO POISONING SOIL.

11.MAKE YOUR MONEY COUNT

EVERYTHING WE SPEND MONEY ON AFFECTS THE PLANET. YOU HAVE THE POWER TO CHOOSE WHICH GOODS AND SERVICES YOU SUPPORT. TO REDUCE
YOUR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, CHOOSE PRODUCTS FROM COMPANIES WHO USE RESOURCES RESPONSIBLY AND ARE COMMITTED TO CUTTING THEIR
GAS EMISSIONS AND WASTE. IF YOU HAVE MONEY THAT IS BEING INVESTED FOR YOU, THROUGH A PENSION FUND FOR INSTANCE, IT MAY BE
SUPPORTING FOSSIL FUELS OR DEFORESTATION. MAKING SURE YOUR SAVINGS ARE INVESTED IN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE BUSINESSES CAN
GREATLY REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT.

12.SPEAK UP
SPEAK UP AND GET OTHERS TO JOIN IN TAKING ACTION. IT'S ONE OF THE QUICKEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE WAYS TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. TALK TO YOUR
NEIGHBORS, COLLEAGUES, FRIENDS, AND FAMILY. LET BUSINESS OWNERS KNOW YOU SUPPORT BOLD CHANGES – FROM PLASTICS-FREE PRODUCTS AND
PACKAGING TO ZERO-EMISSIONS VEHICLES. APPEAL TO LOCAL AND WORLD LEADERS TO ACT NOW. CLIMATE ACTION IS A TASK FOR ALL OF US. AND IT
CONCERNS ALL OF US. NO ONE CAN DO IT ALL ALONE – BUT WE CAN DO IT TOGETHER. EXPLORE IDEAS HERE.
 REFERENCES;

https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/causes-
effects-climate-change
https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/evidence/
https://fridaysforfuture.org/newsletter/edition-no-1-
what-is-mapa-and-why-should-we-pay-attention-to-it/
https://www.un.org/en/actnow/ten-actions
THANKYOU!!!