KINDS OF LOGICAL

FALLACIES
1. Our product is the market leader, • Floating comparison
simply because it is better.
2. See this adorable, laughing baby? This
is the baby you murder when you have • Argumentum ad misericordiam/
an abortion. smuggled connotation
3. What an incompetent teacher! Imagine
spelling “length” as “lenght” in his
letter to the Dean? • Accident
4. The Philippine Team should be a sure
winner again this time around! They
• Non causa pro causa
are wearing the same uniform that the
champions wore last year!
5. When Dexter was a young man in
Pangasinan, he was caught stealing
from a store. Now he stands before us
preaching about honesty and integrity! • Accident/ Genetic fallacy
What right does an ex-convict have to
tell us right from wrong!
1. Students who break the rules should be suspended from • Special pleading
school. I broke a rule, but I shouldn't be suspended
because I would be in a lot of trouble with my parents.
2. That team has won the coin toss for the last three games. • Gambler’s
So, they are definitely going to lose the coin toss tonight. fallacy
3. We need to stop allowing colleges to increase tuition every
year. The next thing we know, it's going to cost more to
attend college for one semester than it is to buy a new • Slippery slope
home!
4. The building that they are referring to is sturdy and stable!
The engineer and the designers themselves assured me of • Begging the
its ability to withstand earthquakes! question
5. Surveys have shown that students who smoke heavily
consistently rank in the bottom of the rungs of their class.
The conclusion is inevitable that cigarettes stunt the • Skewed sample.
intellectual growth of young people.
1. What ever happens love will always prevail. We • Reification
should put our faith in love for it will always
save us from tragedy!
2. This program was conceived by Marcos. We all • Argumentum ad
hominem/ et feminam/
know what he did. We should not support any
Damning the source
program related to that madman!
• Two wrongs make a
3. If you arrest me you should arrest him as well right/ Tu Quoque
because he committed the same offense!
Otherwise, leave us alone!
4. I am allowing you to use your cellphones in • Contradiction
class. However, if I see any of you sending text
messages while in class I will give you a • Fallacy of composition/
demerit! Hasty generalization/ Ad
5. You are a Muslim? You must be a terrorist! hominem/ et feminam
1. Of course I agree that non-performing employees
should be fired from their jobs! But Boss, I have a family • Special pleading
to feed!
2. Farmers and fishermen should prepare for a powerful • Gambler’s fallacy
typhoon. We haven’t had strong typhoons these past
years!
3. Why did they allow same sex marriage? Next thing you • Slippery slope
know they are going to allow people to marry their cats,
dogs and pigs too!
4. This operation is going to go smoothly! I should know • Begging the question
because our boss says so!
5. The government should allow the poor to occupy those • Argumentum ad
idle houses. They should pity them especially their misericordiam/
children who have no other places to go! smuggled
connotation
1. Why is the MMDA apprehending me for a traffic
violation when it is not arresting those jeepney drivers • Tu Quoque
for the same offense!
2. The policy of the government to pump prime the • Skewed sample/
economy by creating jobs is doomed to fail. This view is
unqualified source
backed up by a random survey of UST students,
majority of whom say the program will only be used for
political ends.
• Ridicule
3. The reason why Itogon had a tragedy was because the
Catholic priest was a sexual predator. God punished
them because of such abuses. • Fallacy of
4. The Catholic church is slowly losing its moral power. composition/ Hasty
For how can people trust the church when you have a generalization/
dozen clergymen commit a lot of sexual abuses? overgeneralization
5. Duterte is like the Christ who was sent to earth to save
the country from social and moral ruin!
• False analogy
Let’s Get It on!
1. I shouldn’t be getting a “C” in my essay because I’m an “A”
student.
2. If you can’t beat them, join them!
3. Caroline says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to
the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Caroline is
choosing to be better friends with the new girl than the girls who
have always known her.
4. The Wigo Team has lost three in a row. I am sure they are going to
win in their fourth game.
5. A UP student who joined the NPA was killed in a clash of soldiers
recently. Clearly UP students are strong supporters of the
communist NPA!
1. We need to stop allowing colleges to increase tuition every year. The
next thing we know, it's going to cost more to attend college for one
semester than it is to buy a new home!
2. Someone argues that drinking is morally wrong and cites a sermon from
her pastor at church.
3. My father is a liar! My boyfriend is a liar! Therefore all men are liars!
4. The sign said “Fine to park here”, so I parked my car there because it
was fine. But I was charged for illegal parking!
5. 9. How you can you make an objective judgment on Americans?
You’re just an immigrant! Go back to your country!
 ANSWERS
1.Begging the question 6. Slippery slope

7. Appeal to authority
2. False dichotomy

8. Overgeneralization/ hasty
3. Strawman generalization

9. Equivocation
4. Gambler’s Fallacy

10. Argumentum ad hominem, et