Communic
able and
Non-
Communic
able
In 2020, borders were
sealed, schools closed,
and people had to stay
indoors worldwide.
This was due to a disease
called COVID-19.
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
• Describe the interdependence between health and
disease.
• Compare and contrast the characteristics of
communicable diseases with non-communicable
diseases, providing examples such as sexually
transmitted infections in humans (e.g., HIV/AIDS).
• Explain the impact of lifestyle factors (e.g., diet,
physical activity) on the incidence of non-
communicable diseases, such as cancer.
COVID-19 is a disease that can spread
between people in close contact.
This is an example of a communicable disease.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
These are diseases that can be
passed from one organism to
another, caused by microorganisms
such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and
protists.
NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
These are diseases that does not
spread from one organism to
another, and can be caused by
lifestyle or genetic factors.
Communicable
Diseases
Salmonella is a form of food poisoning caused
by Salmonella entericthe.
SYMPTOMS: vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and
dehydration
contaminated food and close contact
SPREAD:
with infected organisms
PREVENTION proper food handling
:
TREATMENT: antibiotics, drinking plenty of fluids
Communicable
Diseases
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) targets
and impairs the immune system, which can
develop into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome) and result in severe infections and
illnesses.
people may or may not have flu-like
SYMPTOMS:
symptoms, best to get clinically tested.
SPREAD: infected blood or exchange of body
fluids
use of condoms and proper handling of
PREVENTION
needles and syringes
:
TREATMENT: prescription medicine
Communicable
Diseases
Athlete’s Foot is caused by the fungi Tinea
pedis, and it usually starts on the feet between
the toes.
SYMPTO white patches between the toes,
MS: itchiness
SPREAD: close contact with infected
organisms
PREVEN avoid direct contact with spores
TION:
TREATM anti-fungal medicines
ENT:
Communicable
Diseases
Malaria is caused by a parasite transmitted by
mosquitos. The parasite is injected into the
blood stream and destroys cells in the body.
SYMPTOMS: fever, headache and chills
infected blood, improper handling of
SPREAD:
needles and syringes
insect repellents, protective clothing,
PREVENTION
mosquito nets, aerosol sprays and
:
mosquito soils
artemisinin-based combination therapy,
TREATMENT:
other anti-malarial medicines
Learning Check!
Which is a
communicable disease?
TUBERCULOSIS CANCER
A contagious bacterial infection A group of diseases where cells
that primarily affects the lungs, grow uncontrollably in any organ
resulting in fever, coughing and or tissue in the body.
weight loss.
Learning Check!
COMMUNICABLE:
Which is a TUBERCULOSIS
A contagious bacterial infection
communicab
that primarily affects the lungs,
resulting in fever, coughing and
weight loss.
le disease?
Answer: NON-
Tuberculosis is airborne and can spread
from one person to another.
COMMUNICABLE:
A group of diseases where cells
CANCER
grow uncontrollably in any organ
On the other hand, cancer is an example or tissue in the body.
of a non-communicable disease which
we’ll learn more on the next slide.
Factors of Non-Communicable
Diseases
Non-communicable diseases are diseases that do not
spread from one organism to another.
DIET LIFESTYLE GENES
diet with high saturated lack of exercise, smoking, genetic mutation,
fat, lack of nutrition drinking alcohol, stress, abnormality or can be
drugs hereditary
Non- Cancer is a disease that is caused
by the cells mutating and replicating
Communica
in an uncontrolled way.
ble EFFECTS ON
THE BODY:
Diseases
may vary depending on the type of
cancer,
it can be weight loss, bleeding or lumps
TREATMENT
combination of surgery and
chemotherapy or radiotherapy, some
treatments may include stem cell
transplants
Cardiovascular disease affects
Non- the circulatory system, specifically
the blood vessels.
Communica
ble
EFFECTS ON
THE BODY:
fatty deposits build up mainly on artery
Diseases walls, which can create high blood
pressure and cause heart attack or stroke
TREATMENT
aspirin and a drug called statins are used
in the first instance; in more serious
cases, surgery is conducted and a device
called a stent is used
Chronic Respiratory
Non- Diseases(CRD) are diseases that
affects the lungs and the airways
Communica
inside the body. Some common CRDs
are asthma and Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary disease(COPD).
ble EFFECTS ON
Diseases THE BODY:
difficulty breathing, reduced lung
function, persistent cough, and increased
susceptibility to infections
TREATMENT
tablets, inhalers and sometimes steroids
are used to reduce inflammation of the
airways
Non- Diabetes is a metabolic disease that
Communica affects the sugar levels of the blood.
ble EFFECTS ON
THE BODY:
Diseases weight loss or weight gain, frequent
urination, increase thirst, fatigue
TREATMENT
prescription medicine like metformin
and insulin
THINK ABOUT
IT!
Based on what you learned,
what do you think are some
ways you can reduce the risk
of contracting non-
communicable diseases?
Reducing the
Risks
Some of the ways to reduce the risks of
contracting
non-communicable diseases are the following:
Maintain a healthy Drink enough water.
and balanced diet. It is important to stay
For example, increase your hydrated so your cells
daily fruit and vegetable function properly.
intake.
Get enough sleep.
Exercise each day.
Sleep helps your cells
Attend to both physical and
regenerate. Eight hours of
mental health.
sleep each night are
recommended.
Summary
COMMUNICABLE NON-
DISEASE
Diseases that can be passed from
COMMUNICABLE
Diseases that do not spread
one organism to another. DISEASE
from one organism to another.
Some of the many ways to prevent us Lifestyle, diet and genetic factors
from contracting communicable can contribute to contracting
diseases non-communicable diseases.
are proper food handling and
maintaining cleanliness. Examples: cancer and diabetes
Example: HIV/AIDS and Athlete’s
Foot
Research
about
a study on
the
correlation of
Share your findings in our next session.
smoking to
lung cancer.
RESOU
RCE
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