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Session 15

ojmipojpodfjso

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Souradeep Ghosh
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9 views

Session 15

ojmipojpodfjso

Uploaded by

Souradeep Ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Innovation ecosystems

Organizational Ecosystems
•Interorganizational relationships: relatively
enduring resource transactions, flows, and
linkages among organizations

•Organizational ecosystem: system formed by


the interaction of a community of
organizations and their environment
•Megacommunity approach
Framework of Interorganizational Relationships

Organization Type

Dissimilar Similar

Resource Population
Competitive Dependence Ecology
Organization
Relationship

Cooperative Collaborative
Network Institutionalism

3
Resource Dependence
• Traditional view
• Minimize dependence for supply of important
resources and try to influence environment to
make resources available
• Resource contingencies
•Importance of resource
•Resource monopoly
• Resource and power strategies
Types of Interorganizational Relationships

Traditional Orientation: New Orientation:


Adversarial Partnership
Suspicion, competition, arm’s length Trust, addition of value to both sides, high
commitment
Price, efficiency, own profits Equity, fair dealing, both profit

Limited information and feedback Electronic linkages to share key information,


problem feedback and discussion
Legal resolution of conflict Mechanisms for close coordination, people on-site
Minimal involvement and up-front Involvement in partner’s product design and
investment, separate resources production, shared resources
Short-term contracts Long-term contracts
Contract limiting the relationship Business assistance beyond the contract

5
Population Ecology
• Population: set of organizations engaged in
similar activities with similar patterns of resource
utilization and outcomes
• Difficulty of adaptation
• Birth of new forms
• Importance of fitting form in niche
• Generalist and specialist strategies
Process of Ecological Change

Variation Selection Retention

Large number Some A few


of variations organizations organizations
appear in the find a niche grow large and
population of and survive become
organizations institutionalized
in the
environment

7
Institutionalism and Legitimacy

Mimetic Coercive Normative


Reasons to
become Uncertainty Dependence Duty,
similar: obligation

Innovation Political law, Professionalism


Events: visibility rules, sanctions —certification,
accreditation
Social Culturally
basis: supported Legal Moral

Example: Reengineering, Pollution Accounting


benchmarking controls, school standards,
Source: Adapted from W. Richard Scott,
regulations consultant
Institutions and Organizations (Thousand Oaks,
Calif.: Sage, 1995).
training 8
Communities of practice
• Group of people informally and voluntarily bound together by shared
passion and expertise
• Within and across business lines, sometimes across organizations
• Handful to hundreds of members

• To drive strategy, generate innovations, share best practices…


– Regular meetings in person or via electronic formats
– May or may not have an explicit meeting agenda

• Cultivating communities
– Identify potential communities: What/who exists already, chalk out exact
domain of work
– Provide infrastructure: tie to corporate activities, tangible or intangible
rewards, set up official sponsors (CoPs don’t always have budgets)
– Use nontraditional methods to measure value: capture activities, showcase
impact

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