Non Government
Organizations
By
Emmanuel David - Sichrem
INTRODUCTION
• A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is neither a
part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business.
• NGOs may be funded by governments, foundations, schools, businesses or
private people.
• Some may have charitable status, while others may be registered for tax
exemption based on recognition of social purposes. Others may be fronts for
political, religious, or other interests.
HISTORY
• The term "non-governmental organization" was first coined in 1945,
when the United Nations (UN) was created and there were 1083
NGOs.
• According to the UN any kind of private organization that is
independent from government control can be termed as ‘NGO’.
• In some countries the term NGO is applied to an organization that in
another country would be called as NPO (non profit organization).
International NGOs were important in the anti-slavery movement and
the movement for women's suffrage.
• Based on Societies Registration Act (SRA) NGO was approved in
1860.
• India is estimated to had around 2 million NGOs in 2014.
Alternative Terms
• Apart from "NGO", there are many alternative terms in use,
including: 1.Third Sector Organization (TSO),
2.Non-profit Organization (NPO),
3.Voluntary Organization (VO),
4.Civil Society Organization (CSO)
5.Grassroots Organization (GO),
6.Social Movement Organization (SMO),
7.Private Voluntary Organization (PVO)
8.Self-help Organization (SHO).
ACTIVITIES
• It includes Human rights, Environmental, Improving
health, or development work.
• An NGO's level of operation indicates the scale at which
an organization works, such as local, regional, national, or
international.
Features of NGOs
Support democratic system
Function on no profit basis
Non Political in character
Clearly defined objectives
Limited external control
Voluntary Character
Wide operational area
Positive contribution
Need financial support
Interest in long-term projects
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Staffing
Funding
Overhead costs
Monitoring and control
Advantages of NGOs
Ability to experiment freely
Flexible in adapting to local needs
Enjoy Good rapport with people
Ability to communicate at all levels
Ability to recruit experts and highly motivated staff
Less restrictions from the Government
Disadvantages of NGOs
Lack of funds
Lack of dedicated leadership
Inadequate trained personnel
Misuse of Funds
Monopolization of leadership
Lack of public participation
Centralization in Urban Areas
Lack of Coordination
By Area of Interest
• Research
• Aged and elderly
• Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries
• Animal Welfare
• Art & Culture
• Biotechnology
• Children
By Organization
• Ministry
• Private Ltd Company
• Foundation
• Bilateral Agency
• Government
• Public Sector Unit
• Multilateral Agency
NGO REGISTRATION
1. Non Profit Company under Section 8 of Indian
Companies Act 2013
2. Indian Trust Act, 1882 NGO registration is a initial stage
to work and move towards Social Service Sector. After
registration of NGO how to keep its status in active
condition and how to achieve the targets to complete the
Objects for which NGOs are formed.
Types of NGO
A. NGO types By orientation :
1. Professional association
A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with
maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation
To safeguard the public interest
It also represent the interest of the professional practitioners.
2. Empowering orientation:
The aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding
of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives.
To strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to
control their lives.
3. Charitable Orientation:
It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of
the poor E.g.: distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of
housing, transport, schools etc.
Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or
manmade disaster.
4.Participatory Orientation :
It is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved
particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing Cash, tools,
land, materials, labour etc.
5. Service Orientation :
• It includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family
planning or education services
B.NGO Types by level of operation:
1. Community-based Organizations (CBOs) :
Created by people’s own interest .
These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood
organizations, religious or educational organizations.
Main objective of these organizations is to help urban people and aware
them to understand their rights and provide required services.
2. Citywide Organizations :
They include various organizations related to sports, education and
association of community based organizations.
For example chambers of commerce and industry, coalition of business,
educational group.
3. National NGOs :
These are professional organizations. Function of these NGOs is to
support local NGOs
It include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs (Young
Men's Christian Association ) /(Young Women's Christian Association) ,
professional organizations etc.
4.International NGOs :
Main function of this NGOs is funding to local NGOs, implementing
various projects.
It range from secular agencies such as REDDA BARNA and Save the
Children organizations, CARE, UNDP, and UNICEF, Ford and Rockefeller
Foundations to religiously motivated groups.
Approaches under NGO
1. Grassroots development :
It targets disadvantaged groups through small, locally based projects.
These projects usually involve training and education programs to transfer skills
and build the capacity and confidence of local organizations and communities.
This approach at its most successful allows the benefits of a project to continue
beyond the duration of the project itself.
2.Humanitarian/Emergency Relief
• It focuses on relief in times of disaster such as earthquakes, floods and cyclones.
• NGOs in this area aim to gain access to disaster zones as quickly as possible to
provide emergency health services and food aid.
3. Advocacy
It aims to draw public attention to an issue and influence government policy either
on behalf of, or alongside, a particular community interest group.
It can be approached through high level policy dialogues, lobbying, or through
grassroots and community campaigning.
The level of involvement of affected communities differ with each organization.
4. Volunteer
Programs run by NGOs facilitate sending volunteers overseas to offer technical
assistance, project support and capacity building in a variety of sectors such as
nursing, education, engineering and agriculture
Responsibilities of NGOs
Need for honest and dedicated persons.
Need for transparency to create confidence.
A proper personnel policy Protect the interest of the people rather
than members
Transparent and easy to operate mechanism
Challenges to NGOs
Need for honest and dedicated persons.
Need for transparency to create confidence.
A proper personnel policy
Protect the interest of the people rather than members
Transparent and easy to operate mechanism.
Thank you
