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What Is DNS

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33 views

What Is DNS

Uploaded by

Nikhil Ramesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is DNS?

DNS stands for Domain Name System. It's a hierarchical and


distributed naming system that translates human-readable domain
names into machine-readable IP addresses.
How DNS Works
1 2 3

Request Lookup Response


When you enter a website The DNS server searches its The DNS server sends back the IP
address, your device sends a DNS database for the corresponding IP address to your device.
request to a DNS server. address associated with the
domain name.
Domain Name Resolution Process
Recursive Resolver
A recursive resolver receives the DNS request from your device and initiates the resolution process.

Root Server
The recursive resolver queries a root server, which provides the address of the top-level domain (TLD) server.

TLD Server
The recursive resolver then queries the TLD server for the domain name's authoritative name server address.

Authoritative Server
Finally, the recursive resolver contacts the authoritative name server to retrieve the IP address associated with the domain name.
Types of DNS Servers
Root Servers TLD Servers
These servers hold the top- These servers store
level domain information, information for specific top-
such as .com, .org, and .net. level domains, such as
google.com or facebook.com.

Authoritative Servers Recursive Resolvers

These servers are responsible These servers are used by


for a specific domain name users to query DNS
and hold the authoritative IP information and receive a
address for that domain. response with the requested
IP address.
DNS CACHING
1.DNS caching is the process where Domain Name System (DNS) information is stored temporarily on a local server,
computer, or network device for a set amount of time (defined by the Time-to-Live or TTL).

2)DNS translates human-readable domain names (like www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to
identify each other on the network.

3)Caching speeds up this translation process by storing previously retrieved DNS records, so they don’t have to be
looked up repeatedly.
HOW DNS CACHING WORKS?
• Initial Query: When a user requests a domain (like www.example.com), the local DNS resolver queries multiple
DNS servers (root, TLD, and authoritative servers) to resolve the domain name to an IP address.
• Cache Storage: Once resolved, the DNS resolver caches the result for a period of time specified by the TTL in the DNS re
• Subsequent Requests: When the same domain is requested again within the TTL period, the cached
information is used directly without querying the DNS servers again.
BENEFITS OF DNS CACHING
• Faster Load Times: Cached DNS responses reduce the time needed to resolve domain names, leading to faster
webpage loading times for users.
• Reduced Network Traffic: Caching minimizes the need for repetitive DNS queries over the internet, reducing
network congestion and load on DNS servers.
• Lower Latency: Since cached queries can be resolved locally, they avoid the round-trip time to external DNS
servers, improving the responsiveness of network requests.
• Increased Reliability: If the external DNS server goes down, local DNS caches can still resolve domains as long
as the cached records are valid, ensuring some level of continuity.
• Reduced DNS Server Load: Fewer queries to DNS servers reduce the load on public DNS infrastructure, making
the entire system more efficient and scalable.
DNS Record Types
A Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address.

AAAA Maps a hostname to an IPv6 address.

MX Specifies the mail server responsible for handling email


for a domain.

CNAME Creates an alias for another hostname.

SRV Specifies the location of services on a server.


Common DNS Issues and Troubleshooting
1 Slow DNS Resolution 2 DNS Caching Issues
Check your internet connection, DNS server configuration, Clear your DNS cache or use a different DNS server to
and network settings for potential issues. resolve caching problems.

3 DNS Server Outage 4 DNS Hijacking


Contact your internet service provider or DNS hosting Use a reliable DNS server and keep your software updated to
provider to report the outage and find alternative DNS prevent malicious DNS hijacking.
servers.
Importance of DNS in the Internet
Website Accessibility Email Delivery Security

DNS translates human-readable DNS records like MX records are DNS plays a role in security by
domain names into machine- crucial for email delivery, ensuring preventing malicious websites and
readable IP addresses, making it emails reach their intended directing users to the correct servers
easy for users to access websites. recipients.
THANK YOU

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