21/06/2015 E,C

Shalom Business And Technology

College
Basic Computer Skill Training
to all staff employees

Prepared By: Belayneh Tadele

introduction to computer
 A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the
data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the
information for future use .
Functionalities of a computer
 Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:
• Data input.
• Data processing.
• Information output.
• Data and information storage.
Computer Component
 HARDWARE
 Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a
computer system.
 Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer
such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk
(HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and
chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.
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 SOFTWARE
 Software describes a collection of programs and procedures that perform
tasks on a computer. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions that
change the state of a computer’s hardware.
 Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a
computer and execute specific tasks.
Difference between Hardware and Software
Con’t
Advantages and disadvantages of Computer
Advantages of Computer :
 Multitasking- Multitasking is one among the main advantage of computer. Person can
do multiple task, multiple operation at a same time, calculate numerical problems
within few seconds. Computer can perform millions or trillions of work in one second.
 Speed – Now computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has vital
role in human life. One of the most advantages of computer is its incredible speed,
which helps human to finish their task in few seconds.
 Accuracy – One among the basis advantage of computer is which will perform not
only calculations but also with accuracy.
 Data Security – Protecting digital data is understood as data security.
Con’t
 Task completer – Completes tasks that might be impossible for humans to
complete.
 Communication – Computer helps the user in better understanding and
communication with the other devices..
 Reduces work load – Information are often accessed by more than one
person with the necessity for work to be duplicated.
 Storage – The pc has an in-built memory where it can store an outsized
amount of knowledge . You can also store data in auxiliary storage devices.
 Disadvantages of computer :
 Virus and hacking attacks – Virus may be a worm and hacking is just an unauthorized
access over computer for a few illicit purpose. Virus can go to other system from email
attachment, viewing an infected website advertisement, through removable device like
USB etc.
 High cost – Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still
very expensive for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.
 Health Problems: – Prolonged use of computers can lead to various health Hazards.
Too much sitting near the screen results in eye strain and drying up of the eyes. Also,
prolonged sitting leads to neck and back problems.
 no IQ, no felling
Characteristics of Computer
 Speed - computers are faster than humans
 Accuracy - computers are always accurate
 Storage capacity - Storage space only limited by the amount of storage you buy
 Reliability - Computers are highly reliable machines and have long failure free
lives
 Automation - Run an process repetitively automatically
  Computer - Applications
Education

Engineering Design

Military

Healthcare

Banking

Business
 Computer Input and Output Devices
Input Device

Data is accepted from the user of the device

It accepts the user’s data and transmits it to the processor for saving in the secondary memory or processing.

Example :-Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner

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Output Device
 It shows the data after processing to the user
 It receives the data from the processor and returns it to the user.

Example :-Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector

 What Is A Computer Keyboard?
 A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and functions
into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device
used to enter text. A keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters,
numbers and special characters, as well as keys for specific functions. A
keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a wireless
connection.
Computer keyboard keys are classified into some type
Alphabet Key
Number Key
Arrow Key
Numeric & Logical Key
Functional Key
Special Key
Con’t
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 Alphabetic key:
 The alphabetic keys along with the row numbers and special characters. These keys match those on a
typewriter. The alphabet Keys include All English Alphabet letters (A – Z).

 Number Key:
 This Number Key embedded on the alphabetic key. These keys are located on the top of the alphabetic keys.
The Number Keys include of punctuation and special characters, such as \ (backslash), | (vertical bar), /
(forward slash), ? (Question mark), . (period/dot), > (greater than), , (comma), < (less than), ; (semi-colon), :
(colon), ’ (single quote/apostrophe) etc…

 Numeric & Logical Key:

 The Numeric keypad which is located on the extreme right side of nearly all modern keyboards. It contains
keys for ten numbers (0 – 9), as well as the four arithmetic functions that says Logical Key. The Numeric
keypad can also be used as a cursor control pad by toggling the NUM LOCK key.
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 Function Keys
The Functional Key is typically located across the top of a keyboard today. Current keyboards have 12
functional keys (F1 – F12).

 Special keys
1. Scroll Lock:
In the past, this Scroll Lock has existed on the keyboard.
2. Caps Lock:
The CAPS LOCK key locks the alphabetic keys into uppercase characters.
3.Num Lock:
When the Num Lock key pressed, the numbers on the number pad of the keyboard activated. When the
Num Lock key is not pressed,
4.Shift:
The SHIFT key is used to toggle a key between its lowercase and uppercase characters. Enter: Space:
Backspace: Ctrl: Alt: Tab: Print Screen: Pause Break: ESC: Insert: Delete: Home: Page