DATABASE

DEPLOYMENT AND
MAINTENANCE
PRESENTED BY GROUP F
What Are Database Deployment
Options?
• When choosing a database to run your organization, many factors
need to be considered. Does it provide the performance, scale, and
availability required? Does it provide flexibility and efficiency by
supporting all business workloads? Does it enable innovation with
integrated machine learning, advanced analytics, and application
development tools?
• Organizations require an extensive set of capabilities in their
applications in order to deliver the level of service their customers
expect in an ever-changing business environment. Deciding where to
deploy the databases that support an application portfolio is crucial
since there are plusses and minuses for each deployment option.
Choosing the right database and
deployment options
When deciding where to locate the databases your organization needs, it’s
important to consider the type of application(s) each database supports, the
dataflows between the databases and applications, and the level of criticality for
each database. Core business applications need higher levels of performance,
scale, availability, and security. Regardless of the location where these databases
run, they should provide key capabilities, including the following:
• Multimodel data type support: A single database supporting ALL types of data,
including native JSON, greatly simplifies the system implementation since only
one set of administrative knowledge is needed.
• Data integration: All data types should be accessible across all applications as
desired. Data integration capabilities reduce the need for complex application-
level code or services to bring the data together.
• Analytics: Your organization should be able to analyze and understand what all of your data really means. It should be
possible to apply analytics across multiple types of data, such as relational, text, spatial, and graph. Databases with built-
in advanced analytics capabilities allow organizations to understand their data faster and with fewer additional external
products or services.
• Machine learning: Today’s organizations need to be able to build machine learning models inside the database and run
them against the new and historical data to discover new insights. Databases with built-in machine learning modelling and
inference capabilities allow organizations to avoid the time-consuming process of extracting, transforming, and moving data
to an external system.
• Converged data and access capabilities: When the same database has multimodel data type support, data integration,
multiple types of analytics, and machine learning capabilities, it is called a converged database. Converged databases
increase operational efficiency and lower costs with faster, easier application development, reduced management
workloads, and higher levels of database and infrastructure consolidation.
• Application development: Integrated tools and low-code application development environments make it faster and easier
for developers and power users to create innovative applications without requiring additional tools or services.
• Consolidation: Consolidating multiple databases to run on one set of cloud or data center infrastructure improves resource
utilization, reduces management, and lowers overall costs. A key aspect provided by converged databases is being able to
consolidate different types of workloads on the same infrastructure. The ultimate level of consolidation an organization
achieves depends on their underlying hardware infrastructure and deployment approach. Hardware specifically designed to
run databases provides the highest level of performance and consolidation.
• Management automation: An autonomous database using machine learning to automate many routine
management tasks and reduce human errors allows DBAs to operate more efficiently and better support line-
of-business innovation.
• Security and Identity Management: No worrying about unauthorized access to crucial information. Strong,
consistent security across a converged database helps organizations reduce threats against crucial business
data and private information.
• Beyond these core database capabilities, the deployment platform enables or restricts how you can use them.
However, enterprise databases must have high availability built in at the software and hardware levels to
support 24/7 operations. Disaster recovery is also critical, particularly when faced with geographically
dispersed organizations and ransomware threats. And, while many people may overlook it, high performance is
crucial since it allows business-critical applications to support the high-volume transactions and analytics that
are required to support growth.
• For example, a retail company that needs to enable many customer transactions and run near real-time reports
against current data may choose a converged database solution in the cloud while a bank that requires the
maximum level of security and data residency may need a solution running in their own data center.
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Deployment and Maintenance
• Deployment Key activities; • Maintenance key activities;
 Ongoing Monitoring
 Preparation for Deployment  Regular Backups
 Production Environment Setup  Patch Management
 Performance Tuning and Optimization
 Data Migration
 Data Integrity and Security
 Configuration and Optimization  User Support and Maintenance
 User Access and Training  Periodic Review and Improvement
 Go-Live
 Post-Deployment Review
Preparation for Deployment
 Finalize Database: Ensure that all design and testing phases are complete, and the database is fully
configured according to specifications.
 Create Deployment Plan: Develop a deployment plan that includes timelines, tasks, and
responsibilities. This plan should cover both the initial deployment and any subsequent updates.
Preparing for database deployment involves several key steps
to ensure a smooth and successful deployment process.
Whether you're deploying a new database or updating an
existing one, proper planning and execution are crucial.

1.Planning and Requirements Gathering

2. Design the Database Schema
3. Development and Testing
4. Deployment Planning
5. Database Deployment
6. Monitoring and Maintenance
7. Documentation
Preparing for database deployment involves several key steps to
ensure a smooth and successful deployment process. Whether you're
deploying a new database or updating an existing one, proper
planning and execution are crucial.
1. Planning and Requirements Gathering
• Understand Requirements:
• Identify the business requirements, including data storage, performance, security, and backup needs.
• Understand the application's data model, including tables, relationships, and constraints.
• Select the Database Management System (DBMS):
• Choose a DBMS that best fits the application's requirements (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle).
• Capacity Planning:
• Estimate the expected data volume, growth rate, and performance needs.
• Plan for scalability and high availability if necessary.
2. Design the Database Schema
• Data Modeling:
• Design the database schema using Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) or similar modeling tools.
• Define tables, columns, data types, indexes, and relationships.
• Normalization:
• Ensure the schema is normalized to reduce data redundancy and improve integrity.
• Consider denormalization for performance reasons if necessary.
• Indexing:
• Plan for indexing strategies to optimize query performance.
• Consider primary, foreign, and composite indexes.
• Security Design:
• Define user roles, permissions, and access controls.
• Plan for data encryption (at rest and in transit) and auditing if required.
3.Development and Testing
• Database Scripts:
• Develop SQL scripts for schema creation, data migration, and indexing.
• Write scripts for seeding initial data if necessary.
• Test Environment Setup:
• Set up a test environment that mirrors the production environment.
• Deploy the database schema and test scripts in the test environment.
• Testing:
• Perform unit tests for database objects like stored procedures, triggers, and functions.
• Run integration tests to verify the interaction between the database and the application.
• Conduct performance testing to ensure the database meets the required performance benchmarks.
• Test backup and restore procedures to ensure data can be recovered in case of failure.
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Production Environment Setup
 Hardware and Software: Ensure that the production environment is set up with the necessary
hardware and software. This includes the DBMS, server configurations, and network settings.
 Install Database: Deploy the database schema and objects to the production environment. Execute
scripts or use DBMS tools to create tables, indexes, views, and other components.
Setting up a production environment for a database involves
several critical steps to ensure stability, security, and performance.
Below is a detailed guide to help you through the process.

1.Server Selection:
• Choose the appropriate hardware or cloud instances based on the database workload.
• Consider high availability and redundancy (e.g., using clusters or load balancers).
• Operating System:
• Use a stable and supported OS version.
• Harden the OS by disabling unnecessary services and applying security patches.
• Network Configuration:
• Set up a secure network, including firewalls and VPNs if necessary.
• Isolate the database server in its own network segment to minimize exposure.
• 2. Database Installation and Configuration
• Install DBMS:
• Install the chosen DBMS (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server).
• Follow best practices for installation, such as placing data, logs, and backups on separate disks.
• Configuration Tuning:
• Configure database parameters like memory allocation, connection limits, and caching to suit the production load.
• Adjust the transaction log settings for performance and recovery needs.
Data Migration
 Migrate Data: Transfer data from development, testing, or legacy systems to the production database.
Ensure data integrity and consistency during the migration process.
 Verify Migration: Validate that the data migration was successful and that data is accurate
and complete in the production environment.
Data migration in a database involves transferring data from one system to another. This
process is crucial when upgrading databases, consolidating systems, or moving to new
platforms1. Planning the Migration
• Define the Scope:
• Identify the source and target databases.
• Determine which data needs to be migrated (e.g., specific tables, entire databases).
• Assess Data Quality:
• Evaluate the quality of the data to be migrated.
• Identify and resolve issues like duplicates, inconsistencies, and outdated records.
• Choose a Migration Strategy:
• Big Bang Migration: All data is migrated in a single, massive event. This requires downtime but is
faster.
• Trickle Migration: Data is migrated in phases, allowing the old and new systems to run concurrently.
This minimizes downtime but is more complex.
Configuration and Optimization
 Configure Settings: Adjust database settings for performance, security, and operational efficiency based on the
production environment’s requirements.
 Performance Tuning: Optimize the database for production use by fine-tuning queries, indexes, and other
performance-related aspects.
• Configuration and Optimization
 Configure Settings: Adjust database settings for performance, security, and operational efficiency based on the production
environment’s requirements.
 Performance Tuning: Optimize the database for production use by fine-tuning queries, indexes, and other performance-related aspects.
• User Access and Training
 Set Up User Accounts: Create user accounts and assign roles and permissions based on the production environment’s access control
requirements.
 Provide Training: Offer training and support to end-users and administrators to ensure they are familiar with the new database system.
• Go-Live
 Deploy Database: Make the database live and accessible to end-users. This involves transitioning from a staging or testing environment
to full production.
 Monitor Transition: Closely monitor the database during and immediately after deployment to address any issues that arise quickly.
• Post-Deployment Review
 Review Deployment: Conduct a review to assess the success of the deployment. Identify any issues encountered and evaluate the
effectiveness of the deployment process.
 Collect Feedback: Gather feedback from users and stakeholders to identify areas for improvement or any
additional needs.
MAINTENANCE
Database maintenance is essential for ensuring that
your database remains efficient, secure, and reliable
over time. Regular maintenance helps prevent
performance degradation, reduces the risk of data
corruption, and ensures that the database continues
to meet the needs of your applications.
Activities involved in Data
maintenance
• Regular Backups
• Performance Optimization
• Data Integrity Checks
• Security Maintenance
• Database Cleanup
• Monitoring and Alerts
• ETC
Regular Backups
Backup Strategy:
• Implement a backup strategy that includes full, incremental, and differential
backups.
• Schedule backups during off-peak hours to minimize the impact on performance.
Backup Storage:
• Store backups in multiple locations, including off-site or cloud storage, to ensure
data safety in case of disasters.
• Encrypt backups to protect sensitive data.
• Test Restorations:
• Regularly test backup restorations to verify that backups are working and data
can be recovered without issues.
• Ongoing Monitoring
 Performance Monitoring: Continuously monitor database performance to ensure it meets operational
standards. Use monitoring tools to track metrics like query performance, server load, and response times.
 Error Logging: Track and analyze errors or issues reported by the system or users. Implement logging
mechanisms to capture detailed information about database operations.
• Regular Backups
 Backup Schedule: Implement a regular backup schedule to protect against data loss. Perform full,
incremental, or differential backups as required.
 Backup Verification: Regularly test backup and recovery procedures to ensure that backups are valid and
can be restored effectively.
• Patch Management
 Apply Updates: Keep the DBMS and related software up-to-date with the latest patches and updates to
address security vulnerabilities and bugs.
 Test Patches: Test patches and updates in a staging environment before applying them to production to
avoid introducing new issues.
• Performance Tuning and Optimization
 Tune Performance: Regularly review and optimize database performance. Adjust indexing strategies, query
optimization, and configuration settings as needed.
 Capacity Planning: Monitor database growth and plan for future capacity needs to ensure the database can
handle increasing data volume and user load.
• Data Integrity and Security
 Ensure Data Integrity: Perform regular checks to verify the integrity of the data. Address any issues related
to data corruption or consistency.
 Update Security Measures: Continuously review and update security measures to protect the database
from emerging threats. Ensure that access controls, encryption, and other security practices are
maintained.
• User Support and Maintenance
 Provide Support: Offer ongoing support to users, addressing any issues or questions they may have
regarding the database.
 Maintain Documentation: Keep all documentation up-to-date, including user guides, operational
procedures, and system diagrams.
• Periodic Review and Improvement
• Review System: Periodically review the database system to assess its
effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
• Implement Enhancements: Make improvements or enhancements based on
feedback, evolving business needs, or technological advancements.
• The Deployment and Maintenance phases ensure that the database
system is successfully transitioned into production and continues to
operate efficiently and securely.
• Effective management during these phases is crucial for maintaining
data integrity, performance, and user satisfaction over the life of the
database.