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Object Oriented Programming

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Object Oriented Programming

Uploaded by

lekhakbikrant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming


paradigm that focuses on creating objects that contain both
data (properties) and code (methods) that work together to
solve complex problems. It provides a structured and
modular approach to software development.

By Group 8
Bikrant Lekhak
Bidith Aryal
Binamra Bhandari
Binayak Chaudhary
Binod Chapagain
What is an Object?
Real-World Entity Data and Behavior

An object is a real-world An object encapsulates


entity that has both data (properties)
properties (attributes) and the functions
and can perform actions (methods) that operate
(methods). on that data.

Unique Identity

Each object has a unique identity, allowing it to be


distinguished from other objects.
What is a Class?
Blueprint Object Creation Encapsulation

A class is a blueprint or From a class, you can create Classes provide a way to
template that defines the multiple objects, each with their encapsulate data and methods,
properties and methods own unique data but sharing hiding the implementation
common to all objects of that the same structure and details and exposing only the
class. behavior. necessary functionality.
Encapsulation: Hiding
Implementation Details

1 Data Hiding

Encapsulation involves hiding the internal details of an


object from the outside world, exposing only the
necessary interface.

2 Abstraction

By encapsulating data and methods, objects can


provide a simplified, abstract view of their functionality.

3 Modularity

Encapsulation promotes modularity, allowing changes


to the internal implementation without affecting the
rest of the system.
Polymorphism: One
Interface, Multiple
Implementations
1 Flexibility 2 Dynamic Dispatch

Polymorphism allows The appropriate


objects of different method
classes to be used implementation is
interchangeably, as determined at runtime
long as they share a based on the actual
common interface. object type, not the
declared type.

3 Code Reuse

Polymorphism enables code reuse, as common


interfaces can be shared across different
implementations.
Abstraction: Focusing on Essential
Features

Simplification

Abstraction involves simplifying complex systems by focusing on the essential


features and hiding unnecessary details.

Clarity

By abstracting away complexity, objects can provide a clear and understandable


interface for developers to work with.

Flexibility

Abstraction allows for greater flexibility, as the underlying implementation can be


changed without affecting the external interface.
Inheritance: Reusing Code and Extending Functionality
Code Reuse

Inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and methods from parent classes, promoting code reuse and reducing duplication.

Specialization

Subclasses can extend and specialize the functionality of their parent classes, creating a hierarchical relationship.

Polymorphism

Inheritance enables polymorphism, where objects of a subclass can be used in place of their parent class.
Real-world examples of OOP
Cars Each car is an object with
properties (color, make,
model) and methods (start,
accelerate, brake).

Computers A computer is an object


composed of various
hardware components (CPU,
RAM, storage) and software
(operating system,
applications).
Smartphones A smartphone is an object
with features like a camera,
GPS, and various apps, all
working together to provide
a seamless user experience.

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