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5 views15 pages

DONE - Sessions 1 and 2 - Defining Intercultural Communication - Copie

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eddehbi51498
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Intercultural communication

Dept. of English language Studies


Moulay Ismail university
Spring term
Semester6
2019-2020
Prof. M. Talay
 Definitions:
• What’s intercultural communication?

1. ‘The exchange of information between individuals who


are unalike culturally.’ (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999, p.1)

Rogers, E.M. and Steinfatt, T.M. (1999) Intercultural Communication,


Prospect Heights, ILL: Waveland Press
2. the ‘exchange of information (verbally or nonverbally)
between members of different cultural populations’
(Berry et al. 2011: 471).

Berry, J.W., Poortinga, Y.H., Breugelmans, S.M., Chasiotis, A. and Sam,


D.L. (2011) Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Applications, 3rd
edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. ‘a peculiar communication situation: the varied
language and discourse strategies people from different
cultural backgrounds use in direct, face-to-face situations’
(Muller jacquier, 2004, p. 295)

Müller-Jacquier, B. (2004) ‘Intercultural communication’, in M. Byram


(ed.) Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning,
London: Routledge, pp. 295–297.
4. ‘a situation where people from different cultural
backgrounds come into contact with each other; or a
subject of study that is concerned with interactions
among people of different cultural and ethnic groups and
comparative studies of communication patterns across
cultures.’ (Zhu Hua 2011: 422)

Zhu Hua (2011) ‘Glossary’, in Zhu Hua (ed.) The Language and
Intercultural Communication Reader, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 418–
425
5. ‘Intercultural communication involves interaction
between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol
systems are distinct enough to alter the communication
event’ (Samovar et al. 2010: 12).

Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E. and McDaniel, E.R. (2010)


Communication between Cultures, 7th edn, Boston: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning
6. ‘generally refers to face-to-face interactions among
people of diverse cultures’ (Jandt, 2006 p. 36)

‘not only to the communication between individuals of


diverse cultural identities but also to the communication
between diverse groups’ (Jandt 2010: 18).
7. ‘a participatory set of actions in the world’, that is,
‘dialogical and material exchanges between members of
cultural groupings’ (Jack and Phipps (2005) p. 181).

For Jack & Phipps (2005), cultural membership is


marked variously by race, ethnicity, nationality, language
class, age and gender.’ (p. 181)
8. Critical interactional communication scholars (e.g.,
Adrian Holliday, Thomas Nakayama, Kathryn Sorrells, etc.)
have a different view of intercultural communication:

 They sharply criticize static notions of culture &


cultural groupings

 They advocate a broader, more flexible conception of


culture and cultural groupings than is evident in
depictions of ‘culture as nation’
9. ‘interpersonal communication between individuals or
groups who are affiliated with different cultural groups
and/or have been socialized in different cultural (and, in
most cases, linguistic) environments.’ (Jackson, 2014:p.44)

Jackson, Jane. 2014. Introducing Language and intercultural


communication. London: Routledge
 Interpersonal communication

‘a form of communication that involves a small number


of individuals who are interacting exclusively with one
another and who therefore have the ability both to adapt
their messages specifically for those others and to obtain
immediate interpretations from them’
(Lustig & Koester 2010: 19)

 Lustig, M.W. and Koester, J. (2010) Intercultural Competence:


Interpersonal Communication across Cultures, 6th edn, Boston:
Allyn & Bacon (Pearson).
 Different cultural groups & cultural environments:

Age
Class
Gender
Ethnicity
Language
Race
Nationality
Physical/mental ability
 Intercultural VS cross-cultural communication

• Cross-cultural communication refers to the comparison


of communication behaviours and patterns in two or
more cultures

 It typically compares and contrasts native discourse and


communication behaviours (or styles) in different cultures

Examples:
 Politeness norms / conflict negotiation strategies in
Japanese VS American management meetings
 Speech act strategies in different languages & cultures
• Intercultural communication involves an investigation of
interpersonal interaction between individuals (or groups)
from diverse linguistic & cultural backgrounds

 It may occur in various forms:


 face-to-face conversations
 written discourse: Letters
 Virtual CMC : skype calls, WhatAapp, facebook,
Twitter, Snapchat, email, etc.

 It may focus on:


 both verbal & non-verbal behaviour,
 attitudes or perceptions of people from different
 The interlocutors may have a different first language
and speak a second language common to all of them
(e.g., English)

Example: A Moroccan student in an American university


interacting in English with a student from Sweden

 They may speak the native language of one of the


participants or a combination of languages (code –
switching, code-mixing, pidgin, creole)

Example: An American student in a Moroccan university


interacting with a Moroccan

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