TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

UNIT 6
ROAD ACCIDENT STUDIES

Prepared by, Mrs. Riddhi Priyesh Jage

Accident Studies:-

Q. Write a short note on “ Accident Studies”?

Ans:- Traffic accidents results from actual failure of road user. These accidents may cause damage to property,
vehicles or human beings.

Q. EnlistTypes Of road Accidents.

Ans:- 1) Accidents due to collision 2) Accidents due to non-collision
a) Collision with pedestrians. a) Overturning the road ways.
b) Collision With another vehicles. b) Running of the road way.
c) Collision with a fixed object.
 COLLISION ACCIDENTS

• A collision accidents is also called motor vehicle collision (MVC)

• This type of accidents occurs when a vehicle collides with other vehicle, or pedestrian or animal or
any other stationary objects such as tree, pole or building.
Type of collision accidents-
• Head on collison
• Right angled collison
• Right turn collision
• Rear end collision
• Side impact collision
What is collision diagram? Explain with sketch.

 Collision diagram is sketch of arrows which indicate the approximate path of vehicles and
pedestrians involved in accidents. Arrows do not show the exact path due to overlapping of
arrows.

 For each accident, one arrow with date and time to nearest hour of accident is shown. If the
accident is happened on a same place, then and another arrow with respect to previous arrow is
shown as shown in Fig.
Use of Collision Diagram:-

 Accident patterns can be studied by collision diagram.

 Remedial measures can be done with the help of collision diagram.

 After application of remedial measures, the result at that place can be observed.

 Equal periods of collision diagram before and after application is studied which shows the
accidents eliminated, accident newly occurring and accident continuing.
NON COLLISON ACCIDENTS:-

• A motor vehicle accidents which does not involve a collision is called as non- collision
accidents.
• Non collision accidents are-
• Jackknifes ( folding of vehicle)
• Overturns
• Fires
• Cargo shifts and spills
• Run off the road
• Rollover accidents
OBJECTIVES OF ACCIDENT STUDIES:-

• To study the causes of accidents and to suggest remedial measures.

• To check the existing designs and put the suggestions for the proposed
design.
• To carry out before and after studies and to demonstrate the improvements in the
problem.
• To make computation of financial loss and to justify the proposal for
improvements.
• To give economical justification for the improvements suggested by the traffic
engineer.
• Recording the relative positions of vehicles and objects involves in accidents
• To study defects in pavements
• Environmental studies and weather conditions responsible for accidents
• Preparation of collision diagram
• Preparation of condition diagram
• To prepare accident investigation report
Q. State the CAUSESE OF ROAD ACCIDENTS:-
Ans:- There are several causes of road accidents, they are as follows:

1) Due to pedestrians
2) Due to passengers
3) Vehicles
4) Road conditions

5) Due to pedestrains:-
a) Carelessness
b) Crossing of road at other places than cross-walks

2) Due to passengers:-
a) Passengers causing trouble to the driver
b) Passengers making noise, joking and diverting the attention of the driver
c) Passengers getting down the vehicles from wrong side
3) Vehicles:-
a) Defective steering
b) Improper head lights positions
c) Break failure

4) Road conditions:-
a) Wet and oily surface
b) Wrong super elevation and wrong radius of curvature
c) eflective nature of road
Q. Explain the various accident preventive measures. OR How the road accidents can be
minimized?
Ans:- Following remedies are made to avoid accidents:
(1) It require, check the road geometries.

(2) Remove the obstruction causing accidents.

(3) Provide the traffic control device.

(4) Provide proper road crossings or zebra crossings.

(5) Provide footpath along the sides or road.

(6) Put the barriers at unauthorized crossings

(7) Provide sufficient lighting facilities.

(8)Educational aids.
Q. Write a short note on ACCIDENT REPORT:-
• After the incident of accident, the accident should be reported to nearby police
station/ police authorities
• Police authorities further collect required details of accident.
• Police authorities take legal action as per the condition of accident i. e,
injuries, casualties or severe damage to property.
• After collecting accident data accident report is prepared with all facts
• This report might be useful for subsequent analysis,evaluation of accident
cost,further legal procedure, claims for compensation, insurance etc.
Q. Write a short note on ACCIDENT RECORDING:-

• Accident records are mantained with all details related to

accidents.
• It contains location of accidents and other details related to

accident.
• The content of accident records are

1. Location files
2. Spot maps
3. Collision diagram
4. Condition diagram
Q. Write the various Consideration or safety tips regarding road safety.
Ans :- Following are various considerations or safety tips regarding road safety.

Stay alert while driving with active and careful attention

2. Avoid assumptions
3. Use turn signals
4. Buckle up i.e. wearing seat belt
5. Use of helmet
6. Follow traffic signals
7. Respect yellow lights
8. Come to a complete stop, when sighting stop sign or a read light.
9. Do not text and drive
10. Obey speed limits
11. Avoid overtaking on curves
12. Make adjustment for weather
13. Exercise patience
14. Be predictable
15. Never drive under influence
16. Make ready for driving after taking a proper sleep and rest.
17. Do not drunk and drive
18. Yield right of way
19. Know where you are going
20. Respect stopped vehicles avoid.
21. Avoid distractions i.e. changing CDS, using cell phones, eating and interacting with
passengers while operating the vehicles.
22. Use headlights when needed.
23. Share the road
24. Proper vehicle maintenance
Q. Write a short note on Legislation and law enforcement in road safety.
Ans:-
 In order to have safe traffic operations on road; the traffic laws implemented by legislative
laws.

 The traffic regulations should cover all aspects of control of vehicles, driver and all other
road users, various legislative laws and awareness to the road users are required to be made.

 The following are the various rules and regulations and laws which are enforce with respect
to the safe traffic operations.
i. Vehicle controls
ii. Driver controls
iii. Flow regulations
iv. General controls
V. Motor vehicles Ac
vi. Speed control
vii. Traffic controlling devices
viii Medical check
ix. Training and supervision
X. Special precautions for commercial vehicles
xi. Observance of law and regulation

i. Vehicle controls :-
There are various regulations and control on vehicles such as registration of vehicles,
requirement of vehicles, condition of vehicles, equipment and accessories, maximum
dimensions and weight of vehicles, fitness or condition of vehicle and inspection of
vehicles.
ii. Driver controls:-
It consist of driving licences for light and heavy motor vehicles, driver test, civil liability,
financial responsibility, minimum requirements, strict laws when drunk and drive awareness
of rules and regulation while driving on road.

iii. Flow regulations:-

Traffic flow regulations like directions, turning; overtaking etc. are laid down. Appropriate
regulatory signs such as one-way, speed limit, prohibitary signs, pedestrian controls have
been employed in traffic stream to control on vehicle operations.

iv. General controls:-

There are some other general regulations for which various provisions are made to report
accidents and recording and solving the traffic violation issues.
v. Motor vehicle Act:-
As per motor vehicle act of 1939, there are several acts and laws have covered various traffic
regulatory measures in India. - The various items such as issue of driving license, registration
of vehicles, transfer of ownerships, transport authorities, limits of speed, inter-state
commission, weight, insurances fees, signals, signs, private vehicles, public vehicles, parking
places and general provisions for penalty and punishment of violations and offences have
been covered in the "Motor Vehicle Act" of 1939.

vi. Speed control:-

It is enforcement measure In order to develop correct speed habits, the tachometers can be
fitted which provides the record of speed.
Q. Comment on education and propaganda with respect to road safety.
Ans:-
 Education and propaganda to the road users in the traffic stream play a important role to in order
to take precautionary measure to use the road way facilities with safety.

 The various rules of the road and proper way of crossing the road should be taught to the
passengers and pedestrians.

 It can be possible by introducing suitable and necessary instruction to the school students.

 Propaganda of following rules a regulation can be made on television and in cinema theatres
with view of safety on road.

 Posters and advertisement showing serious results because of carelessness of road users can also
be useful.

 Awareness of using safety belts, helmet should be merged into the mind of road users. Hence
IRC (India Road Congress) has presently prepared. Highway safety code and the document on
road safety for school students and an instruction manual on road safety education is under
considerations and preparations.
Q. What are the measures for the Reduction in Accident Rates (3-Es)
Ans:- There are mainly three measures to reduce the accidents classified into three groups.
1) Engineering Measures
2) Enforcement Measures
3) Educational Measures

1. Engineering measures :-
-It consist of
i. Road design
ii. Preventive maintenance of vehicles
iii. Road lighting
Iv. Before and after studies
2. Enforcement measures :-
-It consist of
i. Speed control
ii. Traffic control devices
iii. Training and supervision
iv. Medical check up
V. Observance of law and regulation vi. Special precautions for commercial vehicles

3. Educational measures:-
-It consist of
i. Education of road users
ii. Safety drive
iii. Organising safety workshop in different regions of country
THANK YOU