PRECAST

PRECAST CONCRETE
CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
 INTRODUCTION:
• Every construction material & system has its own
characteristics which to a greater or less extend
influence the layout, span length, construction depth,
stability system, ect. This is also the case for precast
concrete , not only in comparison to steel, wood, &
masonry structures, but also with respect to cast in-situ
concrete. Theoretically, all joints between the precast
units could be made in such a way that the completed
precast structure has the same monolithic concept as a
in-situ one. However, this is a wrong approach & one,
which is very labour intensive & costly. If the full
advantages of precast concrete are to be realized, the
structure should be conceived according to its specific
design philosophy:
• long spans, appropriate stability concept, simple
details, ect. Designers should from the very outset of
the project consider the possibilities, restrictions &
advantages of precast concrete, its detailing,
manufacturer, transport, erection & serviceability
stages before completing a design in precast concrete.
Precast concrete

• Enables faster programme times - not affected

by weather or labour shortages.
• Improves buildability - early enclosure of dry
envelope enables follow-on trades to start
sooner.
• Produces a high standard of workmanship in
factory conditions - reduces potential for
accidents, addresses on-site skill shortage.
• Has a high quality finish that can be left
exposed - concrete's thermal properties can
be exploited in low-energy buildings.
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS SECONDARY
FUNCTIONS
• KEEP WATER OUT
• PREVENT AIR LEAKAGE • RESIST WIND FORCES
• CONTROL LIGHT • CONTROL WATER VAPOR
• CONTROL RADIATION OF • ADJUST TO MOVEMENT
HEAT • THERMAL & MOISTURE
• CONTROL CONDUCTION EXPANSION/CONTRACTI
OF HEAT ON
• CONTROL SOUND • STRUCTURAL
MOVEMENTS
• RESIST FIRE
• WEATHER GRACEFULLY
• EASY TO INSTALL
 Architectural precast concrete provides
architects with an exciting medium when
designing facades for a wide range of
buildings, from healthcare facilities to
shopping malls, commercial office buildings to
sports stadiums.

Precast concrete provides:

• Complete thermal protection

• Continuous air/vapour barrier
• Effective rain screens
• Superior lifespan
• Reduced construction schedule and on-site
labour
• High quality control standards
• Numerous finish options and colours
 PRECAST BUILDING
SYSTEM
• Precast
concrete frame
• Precast
concrete wall
• Precast
concrete floor
1. Precast concrete
frame
• Description

Precast concrete frames involve an entire

structure being fabricated off-site. In addition,
structural components can be supplied for
incorporation into a structure on-site. Frames
can simultaneously achieve both structural
and decorative design requirements - a wide
variety of mixes, colours and finishes can be
accommodated. Architecturally-finished
precast structures can be left exposed to
exploit concrete's high thermal capacity in a
building's "green" energy management
system.
• Process

Precast concrete frames are cast in the

same way as precast concrete cladding,
but as they are designed as structural
elements have heavier reinforcement
than is required for non-structural
cladding. Elegant connections are
required between columns and beams
to transfer considerable forces without
adversely affecting the visual
appearance of the frame.
• Benefits

Precast concrete frames

• Enable faster programme times - not affected

by weather or labour shortages.
• Improve buildability - structure is fabricated
off-site for rapid erection on-site
• Produce a high standard of workmanship in
factory conditions - reduces potential for
accidents, addresses on-site skill shortage.
• Have a high quality finish that can be left
exposed - concrete's thermal properties can
be exploited in low-energy buildings.
 PRECAST
CONCRETE
FRAME
 2.Precast concrete
wall
• Precast wall are used for internal & external
walls, lift shafts, central cores ect. Precast wall
system are mostly used in domestic
construction, both for individual housing & for
apartments. The solution can be considered
as the industrialized from of cast in-situ walls
or classical brick or block masonry walls.
• The precast walls can be load bearing or only
partition walls. The surface of the elements is
smooth on both sides & ready for painting or
wall papering.
• Precast walls offer the advantage of speed of
construction, smooth surface finishing,
acoustic insulation & fire resistace.
PRECAST CONCRETE
WALL
 3.Precast concrete
Floor

• Hollow core floors

• Ribbed floors
• Concrete roof
elements
• Massive slab
floors
• The principle advantages of precast floors are
speed of construction, absence of scaffolding,
large variety of types, large span capacity, &
economy.
• Precats floors can also be classified according
to their manufacture into totally & partially
precast floors.
• Totally precast floors are composed of units,
which are totally cast at the plant. After
erection, the units are connected to the
structure & the longitudinal joints are
grouted.In some cases a cast in-situ structural
topping screed is added.
• Partially precast floors are composed of a
precast part & a cast in-situ part. Both parts
are working together at the final stage to
achieve the composite structural capacity.
The main totally precast floor & roof types are
described hereafter.
 PRECAST
CONCRETE FLOOR
 TENDENCIES IN
PRECAST CONCRETE
• Structural efficiency
• Flexibility in use
• Optimum use of materials
• Speed of construction
• Quality consciousness
• Adaptability
• Protection of the environment
 Advantages of
Precast Concrete
• Less expensive than real brick.
• Does not require an extensive footing like a
real masonry wall. Can be reset should it
ever shift.
• More durable than real masonry - no
mortar joints to let water in.
• Installs quickly and easily - most can be
done in one day.
• Maintenance free - No need to paint or
periodically replace slats as you would with
wood fences.
 Disadvantage of
precast concrete

• System building is less flexible in its

design concept than purpose-mode
structures
• Most design briefs can be fulfilled
without too much modification to the
original concept
• Structural connection between the
precast concrete units can present both
design & contractual problems
 CONCLUSION
• Pre-fabrication has a great potential to
respond to new market demands.
Possible solution lie not only within the
classical advantages related to working
conditions, technology & speed of
construction, but also in new
developments of materials such as high
performances & self-compacting
concrete, buildings system such as
mixed structures, manufacturing
technology, automation, service
integrated products & others