DR.
ASHOK KUMAR SINGH
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF COMMERCE
H C P G COLLEGE
VARANASI
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
M.COM.III SEMESTER
SYLLABUS
UNIT.1
Concept of research and its applications in various functions of Management, Types of
Research types of business problems encountered by the researcher, Problems encountered
by the researcher ,Problems and precautions to the researcher.
Process of Research: Steps involved in research process, Research Design and various
methods of research design.
UNIT.2
Collection of Data : Concept of sample, sample size and sample procedure, various types of
sampling techniques, types of data: secondary and primary ,various methods of collection
and data, preparation of questionnaire and schedule, precautions in preparation of
questionnaire and collection of data .
UNIT.3
Analysis of data: Coding, editing and tabulation of data, various kinds of chart and diagram
used in data analysis, bar and pie diagrams and their significance , use of SPSS in analysis
of variance is (anova).
UNIT.4
Report Preparation: Types and layout of research report ,precautions in preparing the
research report bibliography and annexure in the report. Their significance, driving
conclusion, suggestions and recommendations of the concerned person.
What is Research ?
Research can be defined as an organized and systematic study of
materials and sources in order to discover new things and establish facts
and reach new conclusion. Essentially speaking research involves well
developed plan, a systematic approach to developing new theories our
findings solutions are various problems .Research is actually a journey of
Discovery .Human science aeons have been trying to discover better
methods of doing routine things, a better explanation for why things happen
in a particular manner and better answer to recurring problems .Thus
research is area i.e. a revisit on the earlier findings with the intention of
correlating them with newly discovered facts.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. A research aims at solving a problem
2. Research gathers new knowledge
3. Research is purposive , that its deals with a well defined significant problem.
4. Research involves collection of primary data
5. Research activities are carefully detailed and clearly outlined through a research
design.
6. Research requires a degree of expertise and skill.
7. Research should be objective and logical.
8. every process terms and tool used in the research should be carefully documented
and reported.
9. the research should target towards the discovery of general principles of theories
which can find application to a wide range of problems in the present and future
context.
Objectives of researches
1.To explore
2. To describe
3. To diagnose
4. Establish casual relationship
TYPES OF RESEARCHES
1. Basic research
2. Applied research
3. Empirical research
4. Quantitative research
5. Qualitative research
6. Longitudinal research
7. Simulation research
RESEARCH METHOD AND METHODOLOGY
Before proceeding ahead it is pertinent that a distinction is drawn between
research but methods and research methodology research methods refers to all
the techniques that have been used for conducting the research. What is the
meaning of research techniques ? It refers to all the instruments like
questionnaries and behaviours like attitude measurement that are used in
research the distinction between research techniques and methods is very thin
and can be better illustrated with the help of an example for instance in a
survey research a researcher may use the method of interview to collect data
and to conduct this interview the researcher will probably develop an interview
schedule which would be called as a research technique similarly, the method of
Data collection may be observation and the researcher may use the technique
of scorecard or closed circuit TV cameras as instrument to collect data the
science of methods is termed as research methodology it refers to the process
of conducting the research research methodology not only describes the steps
involved in conducting the research but also justifies the choice of various
methods States the limitation of research and also bring out the presupposition
and consequence and conducting the research.
STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN BUSINESS RESEARCH
1. Define the problem
2. Select the decision group
3. Identify issues and objectives
4. Develop the structure of the hierarchy
5. Judge the importance of the decision factors
6. Evaluate alternative
7. Report on results
8. Check reasonableness
9. Finalize choices
10. Documentation
RESEARCH PROCESS
Phase.1 Idea generation
Assess problem
Theoretical analysis of the problem
Defining the problem
Phase. 2 To manage research problem
Develop hypothesis and objectives
Research proposal
Research design
Phase. 3 Research design implementation
Drawing a sample
Designing the instrument
Defining the problem
Phase. 4 Knowledge creation
Data analysis
Hypothesis testing
Data interpretation
Reporting and presentation
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
1. It leads to Discovery and innovation
2. It improves decision making
3. It helps in ascertaining trends
4. Social sciences also depend on research
5. It adds in framing the government policies
6. Research is widely used in business
organisations
RESEARCH IN INDIA
India is one of the fastest growing economies of the
world yet research in India has not really gained
momentum until the turn of century a primary research
for this can be seated to the fact that post
independence all energies were focused on making
India a self reliant country it was with the
implementation of the intellectual property rights as
laid down by the WTO in its Uruguay round that India
woke up to the challenge of research today India has
started investing in research in biotechnology in
agriculture research medical research nuclear research
accept the role of government business and academy
CA in promoting research is being duly recognised and
effort it's are being made to encourage research in all
the sectors.
Thanks
