Object Oriented Programming II (OOP) II

Chapter :2 C# Classes and Objects

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 First C# Program

Here, you will learn to create a simple console

application in C# and understand the basic
building blocks of a console application.

C# can be used in a window-based, web-

based, or console application. To start with,
we will create a console application to work
with C#.

Open Visual Studio (2012 ) installed on your

Create a New Project in Visual Studio 2012
local machine. Click on File -> New Project...
from the top menu, as shown below.

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 First C# Program

From the New Project popup, shown below, select Visual C# in the left side panel
and select the Console App in the right-side panel.
In the name section, give any appropriate
project name, a location where you want
to create all the project files, and the name
of the project solution.
Click OK to create the console project.

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 First C# Program
Program.cs will be created as default a C# file in Visual Studio where you can write your
C# code in Program class, as shown below. (The .cs is a file extension for C# file.)

C# Console Program

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 First C# Program
Every console application starts from the Main() method of the Program class. The
following example displays "Hello World!!" on the console.

Application ReadKey(): This method obtains only the next key from the input stream. It is also used to hold the screen until the user presses a key.

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 First C# Program
The following image illustrates the important parts of the above example.

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 Let's understand the above C# structure.
1. Every .NET application takes the reference of the necessary .NET framework namespaces that it is
planning to use with the using keyword, e.g., using System.Text.
2. Declare the namespace for the current class using the namespace keyword, e.g., namespace
CSharpTutorials.FirstProgram
3. We then declared a class using the class keyword: class Program

4. The Main() is a method of Program class is the entry point of the console application.
5. String is a data type.
6. A message is a variable that holds the value of a specified data type.
7. "Hello World!!" is the value of the message variable.
Note: Every line is
8. The Console.WriteLine() orastatement in C#which
static method, mustisend with
used a semicolon
to display a text(;).
on the console.
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 First C# Program

Compile and Run C# Program

To see the output of the above C# program, we have to compile it and run it by
pressing Ctrl + F5 or clicking the Run button or by clicking the "Debug" menu and
clicking "Start Without Debugging". You will see the following output in the console:

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 Classes and Objects

You learned from the previous chapter that C# is an object-oriented programming

language.
Everything in C# is associated with classes and objects, along with its attributes and
methods. For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes, such as
weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake.
A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.

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 Create a Class

To create a class, use the class keyword:

Create a class named "Car" with a variable color:
class Car
{
string color =
"red";
}

When a variable is declared directly in a class, it is often referred to as a field (or

attribute).

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 Create an Object

An object is created from a class. We have already created the class named Car, so
now we can use this to create objects. Example
class Car
To create an object of Car, specify the {
string color = "red";
class name, followed by the object
static void Main(string[]
name, and use the keyword new: args)
{
Car myObj = new Car();
Note that we use the dot syntax (.) to
access variables/fields inside a class Console.WriteLine(myObj.color);
(myObj.color). }
}
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 Multiple Objects

You can create multiple objects of one class:

Example: class Car
{
Create two objects of Car: string color = "red";
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Car myObj1 = new Car();
Car myObj2 = new Car();
Console.WriteLine(myObj1.color);
Console.WriteLine(myObj2.color);
}
}
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 Using Multiple Classes

You can also create an object of a class and access it in another class. This is often
used for better organization of classes (one class has all the fields and methods,
while the other class holds the Main() method (code to be executed)).
prog2.cs
prog.cs

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 C# Class Members

Fields and methods inside classes are often referred to as "Class Members":
Example : Create a Car class with three class members: two fields and one method.
// The class
class MyClass
{
// Class members
string color = "red"; // field
int maxSpeed = 200; // field
public void fullThrottle() // method
{
Console.WriteLine("The car is going as fast as it can!");
}
}

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 Fields

In the previous slide, you learned that variables inside a class are called fields, and
that you can access them by creating an object of the class, and by using the
dot syntax (.).
class Car
{
The following example will create an
string color = "red";
object of the Car class, with the name int maxSpeed = 200;
myObj. Then we print the value of the static void Main(string[] args)
fields color and maxSpeed: {
Car myObj = new Car();
Console.WriteLine(myObj.color);
Console.WriteLine(myObj.maxSpeed);
}
}
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 class Car
{
Fields Example 2: string model;
string color;
int year;
static void Main(string[] args)
You can also leave the fields blank, and {
modify them when creating the object: Car Ford = new Car();
Ford.model = "Mustang";
Ford.color = "red";
Ford.year = 1969;
Car Opel = new Car();
Opel.model = "Astra";
Opel.color = "white";
Opel.year = 2005;

Console.WriteLine(Ford.model);

Console.WriteLine(Opel.model);
}
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}
 Object Methods

You learned from the C# Methods chapter that methods are used to perform
certain actions.

Methods normally belong to a class, and they define how an object of a class
behaves.

Just like with fields, you can access methods with the dot syntax. However, note
that the method must be public. And remember that we use the name of the
method followed by two parentheses () and a semicolon ; to call (execute) the
method:

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 Object Methods
Example
class Car
{
string color; // field
int maxSpeed; // field
public void fullThrottle() // method
{
Console.WriteLine("The car is going as fast as it can!");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Car myObj = new Car();
myObj.fullThrottle(); // Call the method
}
1.18
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 Use Multiple Classes

we can use multiple classes for better

organization (one for fields and methods, and
another one for execution).

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 OOP II

CHAPTER TWO
END!!!

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