Lecture 16
Solid Waste
Management
Defining
"Waste"
• Definition of Waste: unwanted, useless, damaged,
discarded, harmful substances from human
activities
• It may consist of the unwanted materials left over
from a manufacturing process (industrial,
commercial, mining or agricultural operations,) or
from community and household activities.
• It is also used to describe something we use
inefficiently or inappropriately.
• Can have various physical forms (solid – solid waste,
liquid
– effluent, gaseous – emission)
• Waste comes in infinite sizes—some can be as small as
an old toothbrush, or as large as the body of a
Types of
Waste
Solid Waste
• Waste material that cannot be easily passed through a pipe
• Comprises a very wide range of materials that come from a
variety of sources
• When solid wastes accumulate, water may pass through and
pick up soluble components; as a result, the distinction
between solid and liquid waste may become blurred
Source: Google images
Liquid Waste
• One that can be passed
through a pipe i.e. sewage
or watery mud
• May become separated or
concentrated into a more
solid form as a result of
treatment procedures or
natural settling processes.
Source: Google images
Hazardous Waste
• Hazardous or harmful waste are
those that potentially threaten
public health or the environment.
• Such waste could be
inflammable, reactive, corrosive
or toxic
• In many countries, it is required
by law to involve the appropriate
authority to supervise the
disposal of such hazardous
waste.
Source: Google images
Organic Waste
• Organic waste comes from plants or
animals sources.
• Commonly, they include food waste
• They are biodegradable
• Many people turn their organic waste into
compost and use them in their gardens.
Source: Google images
Recyclable Waste
RECYCLING IS PROCESSING USED THIS IS DONE TO REDUCE THE USE WASTE THAT CAN BE POTENTIALLY
MATERIALS (WASTE) INTO NEW, OF RAW MATERIALS THAT WOULD RECYCLED IS TERMED
USEFUL PRODUCTS. HAVE BEEN USED. "RECYCLABLE WASTE".
Source: Google images
Sources of Waste
AGRICULTURE AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRY ELECTRONIC
WASTE
CONSTRUCTIO
N/
DEMOLITION
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Waste generation: Bangladesh Context
Population vs Waste generation
GDP vs Waste Generation
Waste
Composition
, what are the effect of waste?
Location map of the major cities of Bangladesh with
percentage of organic matter in SWM and million tonnes
CO2e/year.
Effects of Waste and Poor Waste Disposal
Impact on Environmental: water, soil
and air contamination. mainly pollution
Impact on Human health: Diseases
Impact on Economy
………………………..
Traditional Concepts of Waste
Disposal
Early concept of waste disposal was
“dilute and disperse” because of
having small number of waste
generation sources.
“Concentrate and contain”- a
new concept on managing
materials and eliminating waste
because of high waste
generation sources
Modern
Trends
• Environmentally preferable concept is to
consider
wastes as resources out of
place and recycle more
• Economically feasible to
reuse resources
• Waste from one part of the system would be a
resource for another part.
• The major concept of IWM is 4Rs:
• Reuse
• Reduce
Integrated • Refuse
• Recycle
waste
management • A significant proportion of solid waste reduction can
be achieved through
• - Better design of packaging to reduce waste
• -Establishment of recycling programs and
• -Large scale composting program
• Defined as a set of management
alternatives which combine
different strategies to properly
reduce and/or dispose off
waste
Waste
Management •The steps of Integrated Waste
Management are:
Plan • Sorting
• Storage
• Collection of Waste
• Disposal of Solid Waste
Sortin Storag
g e
Collection of
• Solid disposal processes
include:
Waste • Composting
Management • Incineration
Plan • Open Dump
• Landfill
Composting
• Process in which organic materials such as lawn clippings and
kitchen scraps decompose to a rich, soil-like material
• Disadvantage: necessity to separate organic material from
other waste
• Probably economically advantageous only when organic
material is collected separately from other waste
Incineration
• Burning of refuse in a specially designed facility
• All incinerators, even modern ones, generate residual ash,
which may contain toxics
• Some incinerators use the heat they generate to produce
electricity
• Modern incineration facilities have special devices in
smokestacks to trap pollutants, but it’s expensive. Plants
themselves are also expensive
Open Dump
• In the past, solid waste was usually accumulated in open dumps,
where the refuse was piled up without being covered or otherwise
protected
• Although open dumps have been closed in recent years and new open
dumps are discouraged, many are still being used worldwide
• Dumps have been located wherever land is available, without regard to
safety, health hazards and aesthetic degradation
• Common sites are natural low areas, such as swamps or floodplains;
and hillside areas above or below towns
Landfill
• Waste disposal sites that are engineered and
monitored to contain wastes within the site
• Typical procedure is to compact waste as much as possible and
regularly cover it with a compacted layer of soil and/or clay
• Soil layer isolates the waste from birds and rodents and
prevents some infiltration by precipitation
• Hazard of landfill: Leachate
• – Poisonous, mineralized liquid forms and mixes with
groundwater
Thank you
