U.C.S.
Kinship, marriage, and
the household
SECOND QUARTER
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Kinship
• Is the web of social relationship that form an
important part of the lives of most humans in
most societies.
• Can be done by different context and process
but it will all fall into the core meaning of
kinship which is relationship
Kinship
• Is a socially accepted relations that defines
the relationship of individuals linked and
developed by blood, marriage ties, culturally
accepted rituals, and legal adoption.
Descent
• Refers to the origin pr background of a person
in terms of a person in terms of family or
nationality .
It is a biological relationship.
Marriage
• Marriage is culture-specific, each culture
has their own custom and way of
marriage.
Household
• The household includes individuals who
forms a family weather by the
conventional image or not.
Types of Kinship
1.) Consanguinity
2.) Kinship by marriage or Affinity
3.) Kinship by rituals or compadrazgo
1. Kinship by blood or consanguinal
kinship
Refers to relationship by descent which refers
to biological relations or by marriage. This
achieved by birth and is existing between
parents and their children, siblings, and other
relatives.
Descent can be traced through lineage or the
Symbols Used by Anthropologists to Study Patterns of Descent and Kin Groups
The figure shown below illustrates how one individual usually labeled as ego in
kinship diagrams. Ego is the person to whom all kinship relationships are referred
and ego is shown as being gender nonspecific--that is, either male or female
(O’Neil,
2006). In the case below on the right, ego has a brother (Br), sister (Si), father
(Fa) and mother (Mo).
Two principle of
descent
1. Unilineal descent
2. Bilateral descent
Unilineal descent
Is usually traced through a single line of ancestors from
either male or female or commonly known in two basic
forms:
1. Matrilineal or the links of the female line ancestors
2. Patrilineal or the links of the male line ancestors
The figure below shows the patrilineal form of descent .
The figure below shows the matrilineal form of descent.
Bilateral
Descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives
through either his or her parents. Kinship is traced
through both ancestral lines of the mother and the
father.
The figure below shows the bilateral form of descent.
2. Kinship by marriage or Affinal
kinship
Refers to the type of relations developed
when marriage take place. When marriage
occurs, new forms of relationship are
developed because the husband and wife
forms new relations with the families of
each other same as with their own families.
3. Kinship by rituals or
compadrazgo
Which means god parenthood.
This is a system of fictive kinship that
originates in the Medieval Catholic Church
in Europe.
This can be done through baptism,
confirmation, or marriage. There are no
blood relations but compadrazgos became
Marriage Across
Cultures
Endogamy or compulsory marriage, it refers to marriage
within their own clan or ethnic group.
Exogamy or out-marriage, it refers to marriage outside their
own clan or ethnic group.
Isogamy -It is the marriage between two equal status
Anisogamy – It is an asymmetric marriage alliance between
two individuals belonging to different social statuses
Hypergamy: It is the marriage of a woman with a man of higher Varna or superior
caste or family.
Rules of
Hypogamy: It is the marriage of high caste man with a low caste woman.
Marriage
Orthogamy: It is the marriage between selected groups.
Cerogamy: It is two or more men get married to two or more women.
Anuloma marriage: It is a marriage under which a man can marry from his own
caste or from those below, but a woman can marry only in her caste or above.
Pratiloma marriage: It is a marriage of a woman to a man from a lower caste
which is not permitted.
Marriage
• also called matrimony or wedlock, is a
socially or ritually recognized union or
legal contract between spouses that
establishes rights and obligations
between them and their children,
their in-laws.
Types of Arrange Marriage
1.Child Marriage
The parents of a small child arrange a future marriage
with another child’s parents. The children are
betrothed to each other.
2. Exchange Marriage
The form of marriage involves reciprocal exchange of
spouses between two nations, groups, or tribes.
Types of Arrange Marriage
3. Diplomatic Marriage
Marriage are arrange for political reasons to cement
alliances between royal families.
Examples : The Monarchs of Europe were all related by blood due to
frequent diplomatic marriages. This form of marriage occurs when an
arranged marriage has been established between two royal or political
families in order to forge political or diplomatic alliances.
Types of Arrange Marriage
4. Modern arrange Marriage
The parents choose several possible mates for the child.,
sometimes with the help of child (who may indicate which photos
he or she likes, for example). The parents will then arrange a
meeting with the family of the prospective male and the two
children will often have a short unsupervised meeting, such as an
hour-long walk around the neighborhood. The child then chooses
who they wish to marry (if anyone) . Although parents may exert
varying degrees of pressure on the child to make a certain choice.
Post Marital Residency
Rules
• Patrilocal –occurs when the married couple stays with or near
(base on residence)
the husband kin or relatives.
• Matrilocal – occurs when the married couple stays with or near
the wife’s kin or relatives.
• Avunculocal –occurs when the resides with or near the
maternal uncle of the groom.
• Ambilocal -groom’s or bride’s family)
• Neolocal – happens when the couple stays or build a home
independently from the husband or wife’s kin.
Different Types of Family:
∙Beanpole – in countries like Britain and the US, the number of children per
generation has steadily gone down, while life span has increased. This has
led to a shape of family tree that some researchers have likened to a
beanpole — tall and thin, with few people in each generation.
∙Classic extended family – an extended family sharing the same household
∙Cohabitation – a couple living together who aren’t married
∙Extended family – a family containing relatives in addition to the nuclear
family
∙Gay or lesbian family – same sex couple living together with children
∙Kin – relatives based on marriage or genes
∙Lone parent family – lone parent (either gender) with dependent children
∙ Modified extended family – an extended family living apart but still in
communication via phone, email, Skype etc.
∙ Monogamy – a married couple of the opposite sex, who have sexual relations
with each other family data
∙ Nuclear family – a family consisting of an adult male and female with one or
more children (including adopted)
∙ Polygamy – a marriage involving two or more wives or husbands
Polygyny, Polyandry
∙ Reconstituted family (blended family) – a family formed out of another
relationship, otherwise known as a step-family
∙ Symmetrical family – authority and household tasks shared between male and
female partners
Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliance
Political family or political dynasty – is a family in which several
members are involved in politics, particularly electoral politics. Members
may be related by blood or marriage; often several generations or
multiple siblings may be involved.
Political alliance - also referred to as a political coalition is an
agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common
political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election to mutually
benefit by collectively clearing election thresholds, or otherwise benefiting
from characteristics of the voting system or for government formation
after elections.
