DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and ISO 9001:2015)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Srinivas Gowda GK
Professor, CSE Department, ACSCE.

“IOT BASED PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM”

Presented by- BHUVAN GOWDA AS (1AH20CS025)

CHANDAN HL (1AH20CS028)
DARSHAN L
(1AH20CS031)
HITESH SL
CONTENT
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Problem Statement
 Objectives
 Methodology
 System requirement specification
 Components
 Circuit diagram
 Implementation
 Output
 Flowchart
 Conclusion
 References
ABSTRACT
In the olden days before the advancement of greenhouse automation, farmers had to rely on
manual labor and traditional farming methods to grow crops. This meant that they had to do
everything from preparing the soil, sowing the seeds, watering the plants and harvesting the
crops by hand, with no objective data. This approach sometimes did not bring expected crop
yield and revenues.

The manual labor required for traditional farming was often time-consuming, and farmers had
to work long hours in the fields to produce a reasonable yield. In addition, they had to contend
with unpredictable weather patterns, pests, and diseases that could devastate their crops.

So the farmer had to visit the farm land very frequently or appoint laborers to look after the
farm land to obtain high productivity. The farmer can be monitoring the farm through the
sensor’s augmented system from anywhere and can control the sensor such as humidity
sensor, light sensor and soil sensor etc. All the operation is automated there by reducing the
amount of man work and reduce the no of employee there by making it cost-efficient.
Introduction
The past two decades have witnessed the transformative power of the internet, connecting people
and organizations across the globe and fostering real-time service delivery. This trend is now
being echoed in the field of agriculture, thanks to the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT)
technologies. IoT promises to revolutionize agricultural practices by providing valuable insights
into the environment, enabling data-driven decision-making, and ultimately enhancing crop yields
and resource utilization

IoT applications are being integrated across various stages of the agricultural production chain,
from soil monitoring and precision irrigation to crop health analysis and automated pest control.
These technologies offer significant benefits for farmers

By systematically reviewing the existing literature and presenting a comprehensive analysis, this
research aims to contribute to the advancement of IoT-based agriculture and empower farmers
with the knowledge and tools necessary to optimize their operations and achieve sustainable food
production.
Problem Statement
 Agriculture is important for a country’s economy. The crop seed, growing environments are
responsible for the quality and quantity of the crop yield.

 Farmers know that quality of the environment can improve the yield of the crops. Manual
methods are complex, it affects healthy growth of plants. Differences in soil quality and slow
responses to diseases can harm crops and reduce their quantity.

 A solution is to identity and take remedial actions to sustain high yield until harvest. IOT
sensor and software to detecting and providing data and information for controlling the
environment is proposed for commercialization.

 This disrupting technology approach will help farmers grow higher yielding crop, known
warnings to take early actions to control the quality and quality of the crop.
 Objectives
To improve crop yield and quality :- farmers can control various growth conditions by
controlling and monitoring using IOT sensors. Early detection of plant disease is critical to
prevent their spread and minimize crop loss.

Increase efficiency and productivity by monitoring and controlling through IOT sensors and
devices :- By providing the right timely amount of required Water, Temperature, humidity, soil
components etc. increases the quality and quantity of the crop yield. An IOT based monitoring
system can provide data to control crop growing components through and automated system,
which can improve efficiency and yield.

Resource conservation:- Greenhouse automation can help farmers conserve resources such as
water and energy etc. by optimizing inputs and reducing waste. Cost-efficient and less time-
consuming:- Automation of green house reduces the amount of labor while consuming less
time.
 Methodology
Hardware connection Methodology
Select the IoT Sensors: Identify the specific sensors which we want to connect to the Raspberry Pi based
on our application requirements. This could include sensors such as temperature, humidity, motion, light,
or any other relevant environmental or biometric sensors.

Check Sensor Compatibility: Ensure that the sensors which are selected have compatible with the
Raspberry Pi. Check the sensor’s data sheet or documentation to confirm its compatibility with the
Raspberry Pi’s GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins or any additional interfaces or protocols it may
require.

Technical Details
Select Compatible IoT Sensors: Choose IoT sensors that are compatible with Nodemcu/Raspberry Pi and
suitable for our application. Consider factors like sensor type, interface compatibility (such as I2C, SPI, or
GPIO), and communication protocols supported by the Raspberry Pi

Prepare the Raspberry Pi: Set up the Raspberry Pi by installing the operating system (e.g., Raspbian) and
ensuring it is up-to-date. Connect the necessary peripherals like a keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
System Requirement Specifications

Functional Requirements for IOT Greenhouse

The system should collect real-time data from humidity, moisture, and
temperature sensors.

One should be able to monitor the current sensor readings through

wired or wireless connection.

The system should provide a user-friendly interface for easy navigation.

System Requirement
Specifications
Hardware Requirement Specifications for IOT Greenhouse

Microcontroller: Soil Moisture Sensor: Humidity And Power Supply: Adequate

NODEMCU ESP8266. Capacitive soil moisture Temperature Sensor: Min 3.5v to Max 7v.
sensor module. DHT11 or DS18B20.
 Components
Soil Moisture Sensors Module Temperature & Humidity Sensor
* Soil moisture sensors are used to DHT11
determine the amount of water present in
* The DHT11 is a digital temperature and
the soil.
humidity sensor which integrates both
* The sensor provides an electrical signal functionality into a single package.
that correlates with the moisture level in
the soil.
Components
NodeMCU ESP8266: PIR Sensor:
* NodeMCU is built around the ESP8266, a * PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost
low-cost WiFi module with built-in TCP/IP always used to detect whether a human has
protocol stack. This makes it suitable for IoT moved in or out of the sensors range.
(Internet of Things) projects.
Components

Blynk :
It’s a low-code IoT software
platform
* Blynk provides tools to create
custom application to control and
monitor the IoT devices.
* IoT devices can be monitored
through Blynk Android App or
Blink Web Server Interface.
Circuit Diagram
Implementation
Output
Software Requirement Specifications
Functional Requirements for Plant Disease Detection Model
* The system will employ a dataset comprising images of healthy plants and
plants affected by various diseases to train a Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) model.
* The dataset will be diverse, encompassing growth stages, and environmental
conditions.
* Our CNN model is designed to effectively extract features from plant images
to discriminate between healthy and diseased plants.
* During the training phase, the model learnt to recognize patterns and
anomalies associated with different types of plant diseases.
Software Requirement Specifications

Non Functional Requirements for Plant Disease Detection Model

* Throughput: The system should be able to process a minimum of X

images per second to ensure timely detection.

* Data Privacy: Ensure that user data, especially images of plants, is

stored and processed securely, adhering to privacy regulations.

* Availability: The system should have an uptime of at least 90% to

ensure continuous availability for users.
 Flow Chart
Design
 Working of Model
1. First we Resize every image into 224 x 224.
2. We feed color image so it has 3 channels RGB.
3. First conv layer we apply 32 filter size or output channels 32 different filters
apply to the images.
4. So from 3 x 224 x 224 it will become 32 x 222 x 222.
5. we are apply Batch Normalization to normalize the weights of the neuron.
6. we feed to the max pool layer which takes only the most relevant features
output image in shape 32 x 112 x 112.
7. we feed this image to the next convolutional layer.
8. final max pool layer=fully connected layer predict 39 categories.
 Conclusion
 The IoT product for agriculture presented in this project holds immense potential to revolutionize the
farming industry by leveraging the power of Internet of Things technology. By integrating IoT sensors, data
analysis, and remote control capabilities, farmers can gain valuable insights into their crop’s growing
environment, make informed decisions, and take proactive measures to enhance productivity and mitigate
risks

 The proposed solution addresses the complex challenges faced by farmers, such as variations in soil quality,
slow response to diseases, and the need for precise environmental control. By continuously monitoring
parameters like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and nutrient levels, the IoT product
empowers farmers with real-time information and early warnings, enabling them to optimize resource
utilization, improve crop yield, and optimize water and fertilizer usage.

 The benefits of adopting the IoT product for agriculture are multifold. Farmers can achieve higher crop
yields, enhance disease and pest management, optimize resource allocation, and ultimately increase
profitability. The real-time monitoring and control capabilities facilitate timely interventions and
adjustments, leading to healthier crop growth and reduced loss.
 References
1. Mustafa Alper Akka¸s and Radosveta Sokullu. An iot-based greenhouse monitoring system with micaz
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3. H. A. Almahadin, M. Shehadeh, A. S. Al-Gasaymeh, I. A. Abu-AlSondos and A. A. B. Atta, "Impact of

Blockchain Technology and Fintech on Sustainable Performance," 2023 International Conference on
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4. S. Tandon, N. Singh, S. Porwal, Satiram and A. K. Maurya, "E-Matdaan: A Blockchain based

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Thank
you