PRE ASSESSMENT

Write the letter of the correct answer. Take note of

the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and find out the right answer as you go
through the lesson.
.
1. Which of these consists of some undefined
terms (primitive terms) and a list of statements,
called axioms or postulates, concerning the
undefined terms?
a. axiomatic system c. quadratic system
b. linear system d. coordinate system
2. Which of these refers to the statements
which are assumed to be true even without
proof?
a. Theorem c. defined terms
b. Postulate or axioms d. Undefined Terms
3. Which object is a representation of a line?
a. period c. screen of television
b. cloth lines d. Top of a box
4. Which among the terms uses basic
assumptions to produced proofs
showing that a general statement is
true?
a. Theorem
b. defi ned terms
c. Postulate or axiom
d. Undefi ned Terms
 PRE ASSESSMENT
Write the letter of the correct answer. Take note of
the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and find out the right answer as you go
through the lesson.
.
1. Which of these consists of some undefined
terms (primitive terms) and a list of statements,
called axioms or postulates, concerning the
undefined terms?
a. axiomatic system c. quadratic system
b. linear system d. coordinate system
2. Which of these refers to the statements
which are assumed to be true even without
proof?
a. Theorem c. defined terms
b. Postulate or axioms d. Undefined Terms
3. Which object is a representation of a line?
a. period c. screen of television
b. cloth lines d. Top of a box
2. Which of these refers to the statements
which are assumed to be true even without
proof?
a. Theorem c. defined terms
b. Postulate or axioms d. Undefined Terms
3. Which object is a representation of a line?
a. period c. screen of television
b. cloth lines d. Top of a box
4. Which among the terms uses basic
assumptions to produced proofs
showing that a general statement is
true?
a. Theorem
b. defi ned terms
c. Postulate or axiom
d. Undefi ned Terms
 Word
Analog
for
Today!
WORD ANALOG FOR TODAY!

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM!
 Word
Analog
for
Today!
WORD ANALOG FOR TODAY!

Respirator
y System!
 Word
Analog
for
Today!
WORD ANALOG FOR TODAY!

Skeletal
System!
Mathematical System
What do you think a system of
mathematical terms is called?
What do you think a system of
mathematical terms is called?

Mathematical
System
 Mathematical
System
is a set with one or more binary operations
defined on it. A binary operation is a rule
that assigns to 2 elements of a set a
unique third element. If 4 and 4 belong to I
and subtraction is the binary operation
then 0 is the unique “answer”.
 Mathematical System
The mathematical system known as Euclidian Geometry attributed
to Euclid, was described
in his textbook the “ELEMENTS” as a
structure formed from one or more
sets of undefined objects, various
concepts which may or may not be
defined, and a set if axioms relating
these objects and concepts.
GEOMETRY
 GEOMETRY
comes from two Greek words,
“ge” meaning “earth” and -is one of the oldest branches
“metria” meaning measuring. of mathematics, concerned with
The approach of Geometry properties of space such as the
developed by the Ancient distance, shape, size and
Greeks has been used over relative position of figures. A
2000 years as the basis of mathematician who works in
geometry. the field is called a GEOMETER.
 GEOMETRY
Geometry is the beginning of numerous easy and complicated
designs of buildings, infrastructures,
houses, churches and many others. This
implies that we apply to the modern
world Euclidian theories in geometry
have been given. EUCLID of ALEXANDRIA
(lived c.300 BCE) was known as the
“ Father of Geometry”. He systematized
ancient Greek and nea Eastern
mathematics and geometry.
 er !
h
Mathematical System
get
s To
e ad
be rH
N uDefine the following terms using your downloaded
m

dictionaries or mobile data. Come up with a concept map to

show the interrelationship between the terms.
1.Axiom 6.Defined Terms
2.Axiomatic System 7.The Three Undefined Terms
3.Postulates 8.Corollary
4.The Main Postulates 9.Lemma
5.Theorems
 Mathematical System
The Development of critical thinking and
reasoning is one of the main objectives in learning
geometry. To answer the “whys” w e need clear
understanding of postulates, axioms , undefined
terms, definitions and theorems. To differentiate
and illustrate these, w e need to u n d erstand the
mathematical reasoning called the axiomatic
method or axiomatic system.
 Mathematical System
A n axiomatic system consists of s o m e undefined
terms (primitive terms) and a list of statements,
called a x io m s or postulates, concerning the
undefined terms. O n e obtains a mathematical
theory b y proving n e w statements, called
theorems , using only the axioms (postulates), logic
system, and previous theorems. Definitions are
ma d e in the process in order to be more concise.
 Mathematical System
Most early Greeks m a d e a distinction
between a xioms and postulates. Evidence exists
that Euclid m a d e the distinction that an axiom
( c o m m o n notion) is an assumption c o m m o n to
all sciences a n d that a postulate is a n
assumption peculiar to the particular science
being studied. N o w in modern times no
distinction is m a d e between the two; an a x i o m
or postulate is an assumed statement.
 Mathematical System
Undefined terms are terms that do not require
a definition but can be described. These terms are
used as a base to define other terms, hence,
these are the building blocks of the mathematical
terms, such as definitions, axioms and theorems.
Examples of undefined terms are point, line and
plane.
 Mathematical System
Defined Terms are the terms of mathematical
system that can be defined using undefined
terms or have a formal definition. Examples
of defined terms are angle, line segment and
circle. Term phrase which makes use of the
undefined terms and previously defined terms
and common terms.
 Mathematical System
Axiom is a statement or proposition on which an
abstractly defined structure is based.
Postulates are statements that are assumed to be true
without proof.
Axioms and postulates are statements which is accepted
as true without proof. These statements can be used as
reasons in proving some mathematical statements.
Postulate and axioms must be consistent. (Do not
contradict each other). Mutually independent (Not one
axiom can be shown to be a consequence of another.
 Mathematical System
Theorem is a statement that can be
proven to be true by using definitions,
postulates and previously proven
theorems. Once a theorem is proven, it
can be used as a reason in proving
other statement.
 Mathematical System
Corollary – a theorem that follows from another
theorem as a “by-product”; a theorem that is easily
proved as the consequence of another theorem.
Lemma – a theorem that is introduced and proved
so that a later theorem can be proved
(“helping theorem”).
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS

CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM POSTULATE
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM POSTULATE

MAIN POSTULATES
CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM POSTULATE

THEOREM

MAIN POSTULATES
 CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM POSTULATE

THEOREM

COROLLARY
MAIN POSTULATES
 CONCEPT MAP - MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

DEFINED
TERMS
THE THREE UNDEFINED TERMS
AXIOM POSTULATE

THEOREM

COROLLARY LEMMA
MAIN POSTULATES
 Mathematical System
Is it possible to know the
meaning of the word without
actually defining it? If it is, how
can we do it?
 Mathematical System

Is it possible to know the meaning of the

word without actually defining it? If it is,
how can we do it?
We can define the term by
describing some of its
characteristics.
 Mathematical System
Example: What is a real number?
We know that a real number is an undefined
term but we can defined by describing its
characteristics. That is, for any real number x, we
say that x is a number that can be found on the
number line and may be rational or irrational.
The definition is necessary to successfully
support the statement of a proof.
 Mathematical System
Consider the statements.
1. The sun sets in the west.
2. The Philippines is found in Asia.
3. There are 7 days in a week.
 GENERALIZATION!
1. What is the difference
lemma and corollary? How
about theorem and
postulate.
 GENERALIZATION!
2. Why point, line and
plane are considered as
undefined terms?
 GENERALIZATION!
3. How important those parts of a
mathematical system in
establishing a logical and valid
proof of certain mathematical
arguments?
 Evaluation
In a 1/2 sheet of paper,
describe each part of the
mathematical/axiomatic
system on your own
understanding.