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Class Note and Practical Manual for class- XII (biology)

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Sharad Kumar Das
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56 views2 pages

class notes_B

Class Note and Practical Manual for class- XII (biology)

Uploaded by

Sharad Kumar Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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P. J.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Session: 2024 - 2025


BIOLOGY PRACTICAL
a) The record to be submitted by the students at the time of their annual examination has to include:
b) Record of at least 15 Experiments, to be performed by the students.
c) Record of at least 12 Activities, to be performed by the students.
d) The Report of the project at least 05 carried out by the students.
Evaluation Scheme
Max. Marks: 30
Time 3 hours
Two experiments one from each section 7+7 Marks Number of Observation
Practical record [experiments and activities] 5 Marks Min. 15 Experiment
One activity from any section 3 Marks Min. 10 Activity
Investigatory Project 3 Marks Min. 5 Project
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5 Marks
Total 30 marks

Experiments
Part A - List of Experiments
 Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
 Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
 Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
 Prepare a temporary mount of the onion root tip to study mitosis.
 Isolate DNA from available plant material (e.g., spinach, green pea seeds, papaya).

Part B - Spotting (Study and Observe)


 Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
 Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or SEM.
 Identification of stages of gamete development (T.S. of testis and ovary).
 Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
 T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
 Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colors/sizes of any plant.
 Prepared pedigree charts of genetic traits (e.g., rolling of tongue, blood groups).
 Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging, and bagging.
 Study of common disease-causing organisms like Entamoeba, Plasmodium,Ascaris and any fungus causing ringworm through
permanent slides, models, or virtual images.
 Models showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on host, and lichens.
 Flashcard models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.
 Prepare a temporary slide of onion root tip to study the various stage of mitosis.

Part C - Practicals
 Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).
 Identification of T.S. of morula or blastula of frog (model).
 Study of mammalian inheritance pattern using beads/seeds of different sizes/texture.
 Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, colour blindness.
 Study of emasculation, tagging, and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination.
 Identify common disease causing organisms like Ascaris (model), and learn some common symptoms of the disease that they
cause.
 Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Note: The above practical’s may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.
Activities

Here are some investigatory activity topics for CBSE class 12 biology:
 Isolate DNA from plant material: This activity involves using detergent, non-iodized sodium chloride, and distilled
water to isolate DNA from plant material.
 Study the effects of diet on blood glucose: This activity studies how diet affects blood glucose levels.
 Study the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms: This activity studies how antibiotics affect microorganisms.
 Study the effects of green tea on oral bacteria: This activity studies how green tea affects oral bacteria.
 Study the effects of aromas on animal behavior: This activity studies how different aromas affect animal
behavior.
 Investigate methods to control human blood pressure: This activity investigates methods to control human blood
pressure

Projects
Here are some topics for a CBSE Class 12 biology investigatory project:
 Parts of a compound microscope: Learn about the different parts of a compound microscope
 Identification of specimens: Identify specimens such as bacteria, mushrooms, yeast, and more
 Identification of virtual specimens: Identify virtual specimens such as amoeba, hydra, and more
 Mitosis: Study mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells
 Inflorescence: Learn about different types of inflorescence, such as cymose and racemose

 Title of the investigatory project


 Aim
 Objectives
 Principle
 Materials needed
 Method
 Result
 Analysis and Interpretation
 Conclusion
 References

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