Chemistry
The Periodic Table of
Elements
What is periodic table?
• The periodic table, also known as the
periodic table of chemical elements, is a
tabular display of the chemical elements.
• Concise information- dense catalog of all
the different sorts of atoms in the universe.
Who arranged the first periodic
table?
In 1869 Russian Chemist, Dimitri Mendeleev
started the development of periodic table
• arranging chemical elements by atomic
mass. He predicted the discovery of other
elements, and left spaces open in his
periodic table for them.
First Periodic Table
California Standards
Atomic and Molecular Structure
1 The periodic table displays the
elements in increasing atomic
number and shows how
periodicity of the physical and
chemical properties of the
elements relates to atomic
structure.
Periodic Table of
Elements
Rows are called “Periods”
Columns are called “Groups”
Columns (Groups) are also
called Families
Group 1A: Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals
(hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium
(Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium
(Cs), and francium (Fr)
very reactive metals that do not occur freely
in nature. These metals have only one electron
in ionic bonding with other elements. As with
all metals, the alkali metals are malleable,
ductile, and are good conductors of heat &
electricity.
Group IIA/ 2A: Alkaline Earth
Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium
(Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
metallic elements found in the second group
of the periodic table. All alkaline earth
elements have an oxidation number of +2,
making them very reactive.
Good as a conductor of electricity
Group VII A/ 7A: Halogens
Halogens
fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),
iodine (I), and astatine (At).
the halogens are the family of chemical
elements and diatomic molecules. From the
Greek word for salt, halos, and for generating
genes.
Group VIII A/ 8A: Noble Gases
Noble Gases
helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton
(Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
are sometimes called inert gases, which has
no known stable isotopes. These gases are
found as single atoms as they do not like to
interact with other atoms on the periodic
table, hence the name inert.
Region: Transition Metals
Transition metals
Center part of the periodic table
(group III B – II B, lanthanides and the
actinides at the bottom of the table)
They can form compounds with different
colors. They are metals and conduct
electricity.
Region: Metals
Metals
• any of a class of substances characterized
by high electrical and thermal conductivity
as well as by malleability, ductility, and
high reflectivity of light.
Region: Nonmetals
Nonmetals
an element on the periodic table that
does not have the properties of a metal
element such as malubility. Usually found
as gases in nature or weak, brittle solids.
All are nonmetals
Region: Metalloids
Metalloids
• B, Boron
• Si, Silicon
• Ge, Germanium
• As, Arsenic
• Sb, Antimony
• Te, Tellurium
• Po, Polonium
Metalloids
• elements whose physical and chemical
properties fall in between the metal and
non-metal categories.
Periodic Classification of Elements
Summary
• Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of
matter
• Region: Metal, Nonmetal, metalloids and
transition metals
• Family: Elements in the same column have
similar chemical property because of similar
valence electrons
• Alkali, Alkaline, halogens, noble gases
• Period: Elements in the same row have valence
electrons in the same shell.
