EAB 5403 DISASTER RECOVERY AND
CONTINGENCY PLAN
PROF. MADYA DR. NAZMI MAT NAWI
GROUP ASSIGNMENT 2
MANAGING FLOOD RECOVERY: A
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAPAN,
MYANMAR AND MALAYSIA
Group 4:
NIK MOHD AZRUL BIN FAUZI (GS70621)
MUHAMMAD RIDHZUAN BIN ALIAS (GS70598)
MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN SARBINI (GS70786)
1
SCOPE
01 INTRODUCTION
02 DONATION MANAGEMENT
03 PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
CONCLUSION &
04 RECOMMENDATION
05 Q & A
2
INTRODUCTION
Flood recovery efforts vary significantly between
developing and developed countries due to
differences in infrastructure, resource availability,
and governance
compares flood recovery efforts in Myanmar
(developing country), Japan (developed country),
and Malaysia based on donation management and
psychological impacts
3
DONATION
MANAGEMENT
4
Motivation for Donation
1 Japan 2 Myanmar
• Tax Incentives • International
• Community Support Solidarity
• Online Accessibility • Recovery and Long-
• Aid for Disaster Recovery Term Support
• Structured Distribution • Humanitarian Need
• Vulnerable
Malaysia Populations
3
• Cultural and Religious Obligations
• Community Solidarity and Altruism
• Media and Social Awareness Campaigns
• Tax Incentives for Corporations
5
Japan
Challenges with Donation
•
•
Assessment Delays
Variability in Local Context
• Empowerment of Local Governments
• Public Trust and Transparency
• Online System Limitations
Myanmar
• Logistical Barriers
• Overwhelming Needs vs. Limited Resources
• Conflict-Related Complications
• Economic and Political Instability
• Coordination Challenges
• Public Awareness and Advocacy
Malaysia
• Limited Storage Space
• Logistical Inefficiencies
• Inadequate Coordination Among Stakeholders
6
Donation Management
Plan
1 Japan
• Local Government Role
• Certification and Documentation
• Furusato Nozei System
• Guidelines for Support
• Community Engagement
2 Myanmar
3 Malaysia
• Immediate Relief Supplies
• Developing Structured Distribution Plans
• Livelihood Support
• Investing in Community-Based Donation Systems
• Health and Safety
• Education and Child Protection
• Community Engagement
7
Japan
Donation During Recovery • Distribution of Donations
• Eligibility for Assistance
• Cash Transfers
• Community Involvement
• Long-term Support
Myanmar
• Government Coordination
• Military's Role
• Cash Donations
• In-Kind Donations
Malaysia
• Immediate Assistance for Affected Communities
• Reconstructing Infrastructure and Homes
• Assisting Vulnerable Groups
• Long-Term Recovery and Preparedness
8
Education About Donation
Japan
• Immediate Support for Affected Individuals
• Rebuilding Communities
• Supporting Vulnerable Populations
• Enhancing Preparedness and Resilience
• Long-term Recovery and Development
Myanmar Malaysia
• The government and UNICEF • Long-Term Recovery
• Educating About the Logistics of Donation
• Encouraging Targeted Donations
• The Role of Technology in Donations
• Long-Term Disaster Preparedness and Education
9
PSYCHOLOGIC
AL
IMPACT
• Age
• Relationship
• Gender
• Education Level
• Social Status
• Occupational
• Collective Loss
10
Age
Japan Myanmar Malaysia
• Elderly 65 years old • The elderly and • The elderly and
above children children
• Children especially girl
11
Relationship
1 Japan 2 Myanmar
• The tendency to seek support • Women and children
varies with age
• Younger – disclose to family &
friends
• Adult – mental health
professionals
3 Malaysia
• Older individuals, especially those living alone, may
experience increased feelings of isolation and fear.
Children, on the other hand, may suffer from
anxiety, nightmares, and difficulty adjusting to the
aftermath of the disaster (Nakamura et al., 2018).
12
Gender
1 Japan
• Female gender has been noted as a risk factor for
adverse mental health outcomes
2 Myanmar
• Female Gender
3 Malaysia
• Women are often more vulnerable to the
psychological impacts of disasters, with studies
showing higher rates of depression, anxiety, and
PTSD among women compared to men. 13
Education Level
Japan Myanmar Malaysia
• Higher educational levels • - Lower education levels can limit
might provide individuals access to resources and mental
with better-coping health support, further
strategies and resources to
exacerbating psychological
manage stress and trauma
distress.
• Educational level factors can
influence access to
resources and support
systems
14
Social Status
Japan Myanmar
• Victims who lived • Urban vs. Rural Divide
independently at home – • Discrimination and
more pronounced Inequality in Aid
psychological effect Distribution
• Those with fewer social • Impact on Women and
supports may find it harder Children
to cope with the aftermath • Wealthier Groups' Access to
of a disaster Recovery Resources
Malaysia
• Individuals from
marginalized or lower socio-
economic backgrounds face
greater challenges in
recovery due to limited
resources
15
Race & Ethnicity
Japan
• Cultural factors can influence how individuals perceive and cope with trauma
• Japanese culture emphasizes stoicism and patience, which can lead to a
reluctance to express emotional distress
Myanmar
• Inequality in Aid Distribution
• Ethnic Minority Displacement
Malaysia
• Cultural norms, stigmas, and access to culturally sensitive mental health
care can shape how people from different racial or ethnic backgrounds
respond to trauma
• Minority racial or ethnic groups may also face discrimination or social
exclusion, which can compound the psychological distress they experience
during and after a flood.
16
Occupation
Japan Myanmar Malaysia
• Disaster workers, including • Agriculture. • Agriculture and Farming face severe
those involved in recovery • Healthcare, education, and financial loss due to crop and farmland
efforts, are at significant risk public service damage. Leads to prolonged stress,
depression, and anxiety.
for mental health issues such • Small traders • Financial and emotional impact for small
as PTSD and depression business owner from damage to stores or
• those in high-stress jobs may products.
• Disaster Recovery Workers exposed to
have different coping
repeated trauma (e.g., rescue workers,
mechanisms compared to healthcare professionals). 17
Collective Loss
1 Japan 2 Myanmar
• the loss of a main • Human Casualties
breadwinner or community • Displacement
support, can exacerbate • Homes and Property
mental stress among victims • Infrastructure Damage
• individuals may struggle with • Livelihoods
both personal grief and the • Education Disruptions
shared trauma of their • Emotional and Psychological
Malaysia
3community Impact
• Loss of Homes and Property
• Loss of Livelihoods
• Emotional and Psychological Impact
• Loss of Social Infrastructure
• Cultural and Heritage Loss
• Collective Resilience and Recovery 18
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION
19
Conclusion
Key Points Details
• There is a notable difference in flood recovery capabilities between developing (Myanmar, Malaysia) and developed
Disparity in Flood
(Japan) nations. Japan's efficient and inclusive recovery strategies provide valuable lessons for enhancing disaster
Recovery
resilience in Myanmar and Malaysia.
Community • Despite challenges, community solidarity plays a crucial role in recovery. Local support systems enable residents to come
Resilience together to rebuild their lives and homes.
• Community-Based Programs: Engage local leaders and organizations in decision-making and mental health support.
• Financial Assistance: Provide targeted aid to farmers and small business owners to restore economic stability.
• Reconstruction of Social Infrastructure: Prioritize rebuilding schools, healthcare centers, and community spaces to
withstand future disasters.
Recovery Focus Plan
• Cultural Preservation: Implement efforts to maintain cultural identity.
• Disaster Preparedness: Improve flood prevention infrastructure and public education on disaster risks.
• Mental Health Integration: Incorporate mental health services into recovery programs for psychosocial support
especially to woman and children.
20
Recommendation
Country Recommendations
• Improve Coordination: Create a centralized platform to align government agencies, NGOs, and corporate partners.
• Expand Digital Tools: Utilize mobile apps for transparent donation tracking to enhance public trust.
Malaysia • Leverage Islamic Financing: Mobilize resources through zakat and waqf for sustainable disaster response.
• Enhance Community Involvement: Implement disaster preparedness training and local decision-making to
strengthen grassroots engagement.
• Capacity-Building Initiatives: Strengthen grassroots organizations and local NGOs to improve aid distribution
efficiency.
• Transparent Tracking Systems: Establish systems for tracking donations to increase donor confidence and attract
Myanmar international support.
• Leverage Diaspora Communities: Simplify secure donation channels for diaspora contributions.
• Innovative Delivery Mechanisms: Use mobile money transfers or drones to overcome logistical barriers in remote
areas.
• Expand Public-Private Partnerships: Enhance collaboration to mobilize resources quickly during crises.
• Invest in Technologies: Utilize AI and real-time data analytics for efficient allocation of donations and forecasting
relief needs.
Japan
• Promote Recurring Contributions: Launch public awareness campaigns to encourage ongoing support for
emergency funds.
• Share Best Practices Globally: Collaborate regionally to improve disaster response systems.
21
Q&A
22
THANK
YOU
23
