Cost-Optimized

Text-to-SQL
Generation with
Context-Aware
Question
Prof. Pabitra Mitra

Gowtham Chowdary 21CE10084

Rewriting
Introduction
Text-to-SQL bridges the gap between natural language and database systems, making data accessible to
everyone. It converts human-readable questions into SQL queries, empowering users without technical
expertise to extract valuable insights.

1 Key Challenges 2 Contextual Nuances 3 Computational

Inefficiencies
Complex database Interpreting the context of
schemas pose significant questions, including Generating and executing
challenges, requiring a implied assumptions and SQL queries can be
deep understanding of underlying meaning, is computationally intensive,
tables, columns, and crucial for accurate query especially for large
relationships. generation. datasets and complex
queries.
Objectives
Our research aims to develop a Text-to-SQL framework that addresses the challenges of accuracy, efficiency, and scalability.

Improved Query Reliability Reduced Execution Costs Enhanced Contextual

Understanding
Leveraging graph neural networks Employing StarRocks' cost-based
(GNNs) to enhance schema optimizer (CBO) to minimize query Utilizing chain-of-thought (CoT)
understanding and query generation execution time and resource reasoning to decode complex
accuracy. utilization. questions and generate precise SQL
queries.
Methodology Overview
Our framework consists of three key components: schema mining, query generation, and cost optimization.

1 Schema Mining
Representing the database schema as a graph and using GNNs to learn relationships and
extract relevant information.

2 Query Generation
Employing CoT reasoning to break down complex questions into logical steps, ensuring
consistent and accurate query construction.

3 Cost Optimization
Utilizing StarRocks' CBO to analyze query execution plans and optimize for minimum resource
consumption.
Schema Mining with GNNs
Our approach uses GNNs to learn intricate database relationships and improve schema understanding.

Graph Representation Message-Passing Embeddings

Aggregation
The database schema is GNNs propagate information
represented as a graph, between nodes through Embeddings of tables and
where nodes represent tables message-passing columns are aggregated to
and columns, and edges mechanisms, capturing create a comprehensive
denote relationships between complex dependencies and understanding of the schema,
them. relationships. improving query accuracy.
Schema Linking
Linking natural language tokens to schema elements is crucial for accurate query generation. We leverage
a combination of techniques to achieve this.

Tokenization Break down the natural language question into

individual words or phrases.

Entity Recognition Identify tables and columns mentioned in the

question.

Schema Matching Match recognized entities to their corresponding

elements in the database schema.
SQL Generation Using LLaMA
We utilize a fine-tuned LLaMA language model for generating SQL queries based on the linked schema elements.

Input Processing
The LLaMA model processes the natural language question and the linked schema elements.

SQL Generation
The model generates SQL code that corresponds to the user's intent, adhering to database syntax
and semantics.

Output Refinement
The generated SQL query is refined and optimized for clarity, efficiency, and adherence to database
standards.
SQL Critic
The SQL Critic is a crucial component that checks the generated SQL query for correctness and potential issues.

Syntax Validation Semantic Analysis Security Checks

Verifies that the generated query Evaluates the query's meaning Scans for potential security
conforms to SQL syntax and and ensures it aligns with the vulnerabilities or unauthorized
grammar. user's intended data extraction. access attempts.
StarRocks Cost-Based Optimizer
The StarRocks CBO plays a critical role in optimizing the execution plan of generated SQL queries, ensuring
efficient data retrieval.

1 Cardinality 2 Join Order 3 Execution Plan

Estimation Optimization Scoring
Predicts the size of Determines the most Scores different execution
intermediate results, efficient order for joining plans based on cost
allowing the optimizer to tables, minimizing the metrics, selecting the most
choose efficient join overall execution time and efficient and resource-
strategies. resource consumption. friendly option.
Advantages and Conclusion
Our framework provides several advantages over existing Text-to-SQL systems, demonstrating significant improvements in
accuracy, scalability, and efficiency.

Enhanced Accuracy Improved Efficiency

Our framework achieves higher exact matching accuracy The cost-based optimization significantly reduces query
compared to prior systems such as DART-SQL and SQLfuse. execution time, leading to improved efficiency and scalability.
SQLfuse:
Bridging the
Gap Between
Text and SQL
SQLfuse is a revolutionary system that uses cutting-edge technology
to transform natural language into executable SQL queries. By
leveraging the power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Chain of
Thought (CoT) reasoning, and StarRocks, SQLfuse delivers high
accuracy, scalability, and cost optimization.

by Gowtham Chowdary
SQL Critic: Ensuring Correct and
Efficient Queries
Validation and Optimization In-Context Learning Execution and Feedback

SQL Critic meticulously cleans and SQL Critic leverages in-context SQL Critic executes the generated
validates the generated SQL query, learning techniques, using few-shot SQL against the user's database and
ensuring its correctness and examples and carefully crafted provides detailed feedback in case
efficiency. This step includes instructions to guide the query of errors. It offers helpful
checking for syntax errors and generation process. It refines the suggestions for correcting common
potential performance bottlenecks. generated SQL based on user issues, such as constant value fixes.
feedback.
Future Directions for SQLfuse
1 Distributed Query 2 Multi-Modal Queries 3 Reinforcement
Optimization Learning
The system will support
SQLfuse aims to optimize queries combining natural SQLfuse will explore
queries for distributed language with other input reinforcement learning to
cloud databases, ensuring types, such as images or dynamically adapt and
scalability and charts, expanding its optimize queries based on
performance for large-scale capabilities and real-time feedback,
data processing. applications. enhancing its performance
and user experience.

4 Ethical and Explainable Query Generation

SQLfuse will prioritize ethical considerations and provide transparent explanations for its query
generation process, fostering trust and transparency in its decision-making.
Conclusion: Impact and Vision
Key Takeaways Impact
SQLfuse represents a significant advancement SQLfuse has the potential to significantly impact
in Text-to-SQL technology, combining GNNs, CoT the field of Natural Language Interfaces for
reasoning, and StarRocks for enhanced Databases (NLIDB), democratizing access to
accuracy, scalability, and cost optimization. structured data for users with varying technical
backgrounds.