Kimia Terapan

Lubricants and
Lubrication
Prinsip Pelumasan
Pelumasan merupakan usaha untuk mengurangi
friksi sehingga mencegah terjadinya masalah
keausan pada mesin
Friksi adalah gaya yang menahan gerakan sliding
atau rolling satu benda terhadap benda lainnya.
Wear adalah adalah hilangnya materi dari
permukaan benda padat sebagai akibat dari
gerakan mekanik.
Solid Friction adalah friksi yang terjadi pada
benda padat
Fluid Friction adalah friksi yang terjadi Gerakan
molekul air maupun gas
Prinsip Pelumasan

Friction

TRIBOLOGY

Lubrication Wear
Tujuan penerapan konsep tribologi
- Manpower savings

- Lubricant savings

- Investment saving

- Less frictional dissipation

- Longer life of machines

- Fewer breakdown

- Less maintenance and replacement

 Friction Effect
Pada beberapa aspek kehidupan friksi
sangat diperlukan seperti berjalan,
system pengereman maupun
kendaraan.
Namun hampir seluruh mekanisme
sliding menghasilkan friksi yang
1. Membutuhkan energi untuk Photo by Tobi from
menghilangkan friksi Pexels

2. Menghasilkan panas yang

mempunyai efek merusak
3. Keausan (wear) yang merupakan Photo by Haydan As-soendawy
kehilangan materi permukaan benda from Pexels
padat.

Photo by Harrison Haines

 Pelumas
• Pada dasarnya semua cairan
mempunyai kemampuan
sebagai pelumas, tetapi tidak
semua cairan dapat memenuhi
syarat sebagai pelumas
• Contohnya merkuri yang tidak
punya daya adhesive dan
wetting, alcohol punya daya
adhesive dan wetting yang baik
tetapi lapisan filnya terlalu tipis.

https://unsplash.com/photos/my6Q5k_WmoI
 Pelumas pertrolium
• Pelumas dari bahan petroleum
banyak dipakai karena
mempunyai daya wetting yang
baik, tebal film yang pas dan
memberikan property tambahan
yang penting bagi pelumas
seperti, water resistance,
pencegah korosi yang baik,
punya stabilitas termal yang
baik dan mampu
menghilangkan panas yang
disebabkan oleh friksi
https://unsplash.com/photos/my6Q5k_WmoI
Peran
pelumas
Mengurangi friksi
Mencegas Aus
Menghilangkan panas
Mengalirkan Listrik
Mencegah material asing
Menghilangkan partikel yang
menyebabkan aus
 TIPE PELUMAS

Pelumas cair Pelumas cohesive Pelumas padat

Fatty Oils Solid lubricants with

Lubricating waxes

Tipe
(animal/vegetable) lattice structure

Tribo-system

pelumas
Mineral Oils Lubricating greases
materials

Synthetic Oils Lubricating pastes Syntetic materials

Metals

Tribo-system
coating
Pelumas gas Udara

Dry lubricants for

tribo system

Bloch, H.P., & Bannister, K.E. (Eds.). (2017). Practical Lubrication

for Industrial Facilities (3rd ed.).
Liquid Lubricants
• Good Lubricants
Fatty Oils • Poor resistance against
temperature and oxidation

• High oxidation stability

Mineral • Resistance to high temperature
Oils • Long term lubrication

• High oxidation stability

Synthetic • Resistance to high temperature
Oil • Long term lubrication
Liquid Lubricants
Mineral Synthetic Ester Oils Polyglycol Polyphenil Silicone Oil Perflouro
Oil Hydrocar oils Oils alkylether
bon Oils
Density at 20 ⁰C 0.9 0.85 0.9 0.9-1.1 1.2 0.9-1.05 1.9
(g/ml)

Viscosity Index 80-100 130-160 140-175 150-270 20-74 190-500 50-140

(VI)

Pour Point (⁰C) -40 – -10 -50 – -30 -70 – -37 -56 – -23 -12 – 21 -80 – -30 -70 – -30

Flash Point (⁰C) <250 <200 200 -- 230 150 - 300 150 - 340 150-350 Not
flammable
Oxidation moderate good good good Very good Very good Very good
Resistance

Thermal Stability moderate good good good Very good Very good Very good

Lubricity good good good Very good Good to unsatisfacto Good

satisfactory ry
Compability with good good unsatisfacto Unsatisfacto unsatisfacto good good
elastomers, ry ry to good ry
coatings, etc

Bloch, H.P., & Bannister, K.E. (Eds.). (2017). Practical Lubrication for Industrial Facilities (3rd ed.).
Liquid Lubricants
Parameters Test Notes

ISO VG DIN 51 519 ISO VG is the abbreviation of ISO viscosity grade, characterizing the classification
of fluid lubricants in terms of viscosity.

Density DIN 51 757 The amount of lubricant rquired for a certain friction point is generally indicated by
volume. The volume in mm density is the weight in g of the required lubrication.

Viscosity DIN 51 561 Indicates the resistance of a fluid substance to flowing.

Apparent viscosity =viscosity takinginto account the density,
1 Pa • s =1 N s • m–2
Kinematic viscosity =viscosity/ density relation measured in mm2 • s–1

Viscosity DIN ISO 2909 Non-dimensional figure characterizing the change of viscosity as a function of the
Index (VI) temperature.

Viscosity- DIN 51 563 Dependence of an oil’s change in viscosity on the change in temperature.
temperature
relation

Flash point DIN ISO 2592 Lowest temperature at which an oil gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable
mixture under standard conditions.

Pour point DIN ISO 3016 Lowest temperature at which an oil is still flowing when cooled down under
standardized conditions.

Bloch, H.P., & Bannister, K.E. (Eds.). (2017). Practical Lubrication for Industrial Facilities (3rd
Fungsi Liquid Lubricants
• Menghilangkan panas
• Melindungi permukaan
• Mengalirkan listrik
• Mengeliminasi partikel yang aus
Cohesive Lubricants
• Base oils
Lubricating • Used for elasto-hydrodynamic, boundary or
greases partial lubrication

• High percentage of solid lubricants

Lubricating • Used in the case of boundary and partial
lubrication, especially for clearence,
Pastes transition and press fits

• High molecules hydrocarbon based

Lubricating • Preferably used for boundary or partial
waxes lubrication on low speed
Fungsi Cohesive Lubricants
• Melindungi permukaan
• Mengalirkan listrik
• Menjaga dari partikel asing
• Digunakan ketika pelumas tidak boleh mengalir
keluar karena sedikitnya sealing dan atau
resistansi terhadap liquids dibutuhkan
Fungsi Cohesive Lubricants

Bloch, H.P., & Bannister, K.E. (Eds.). (2017). Practical Lubrication for Industrial Facilities (3rd ed.).
Solid Lubricants
• Solid lubricants also include synthetic, metallic or
mineral powders, such as PTFE, copper, graphite
Tribo-system and MoS2
materials • As powders are difficult to apply, they are mostly
used as additives.
• Solid lubricants are mainly used when the
application of liquid or cohesive lubricants is not
ideal for functional reasons or risk of
Tribo-system contamination and when, at the same time, the
lubrication properties of solid lubricants are
coatings sufficient.

Dry
lubricants for
tribosystem
Lubricating Oils
Pelumas yang berbasil oil yang ditambahkan additive yang
mempunyai parameter performa sebagai berikut
• oxidation stability,
• anticorrosion properties,
• wear protection,
• emergency lubrication properties,
• wetting behavior,
• emulsibility,
• stick-slip behavior,
• viscosity-temperature behavior.
Lubricating Oils application
The requirement to fulfil
• sliding bearings,
various application
• chains,
• corrosion protection,
• gears,
• neutrality to the applied
• hydraulic materials,
systems, • meet food regulations,
• pneumatic
• resistance to temperatures,
systems.
• biodegradability.
TERIMA KASIH