Chapter 03:

Equilibrium of Force Systems

Engg 1013 – Statics of Rigid Bodies
Topic Outline

 Definitions
 Free Body Diagrams
 Equations of Equilibrium for Coplanar Forces
 Equilibrium of bodies acted upon by two to three forces
 Equilibrium of bodies acted upon by coplanar non-concurrent force
system
Definition of Equilibrium
 The physical meaning of equilibrium, as applied to a body,
is that the body is either at rest (static) or is moving in a
straight line with constant velocity (dynamic)
 Statics deals with action of forces on bodies which are at
rests and such bodies are said to be in STATIC
EQUILIBRIUM
 Equilibrium is a term used to designate the condition
where the resultant of a system of forces is zero
 A body is said to be in equilibrium when the force system
acting upon it has a zero resultant
 A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium when the external
forces acting on it forms system of forces equivalent to
zero
 In this chapter we shall determine and apply the conditions
necessary to produce equilibrium for coplanar force system
or two-dimensional force system
 The equations of equilibrium for a rigid body can be
summarize as follows:
❑ ❑
𝜮 𝑭=0 𝜮 𝑴=𝟎
 Resolving each force and each moment into its rectangular
components, we find that the necessary and sufficient
conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body using two
planar axes for coplanar forces. Note: The equations below
are using the plane of x & y axes as reference.
 FREE BODY DIAGRAMS (FBDs)
 In solving problem concerning the equilibrium of a rigid body, it is
essential to consider all the forces acting on the body.
 It is important to exclude any force which is not directly applied
on the body.
 Successful application of the equation of equilibrium requires a
complete specification of all known the known and unknown
forces that act on the body.
 The first step in the solution of the problem should consist in
drawing a free - body diagram of the rigid body under
consideration.
What is a free - body diagram?
 1. a free - body diagram (FBD) is an isolated view of a body which
shows only the external forces exerted on the body. These external
forces are caused either by direct bodily contact or by
gravitational or magnetic attraction
 2. a free - body diagram is a sketch of the outlined shape of a body
which represents it as being isolated or free from its surroundings.
On this sketch, it all shows all forces (or their resultants)which the
surroundings exert on the body
 If the free - body diagram is correctly drawn, the effects of all the
applied forces and couples acting on the body can be unaccounted for
when the equations of equilibrium are applied.
 For this reason, a thorough understanding of how to draw a
free- body diagram is of primary importance for solving
problems in mechanics
 Steps involved in drawing a free-body diagram:
1. Draw a diagram of the body completely isolated from all other bodies.
The free body may consist of an entire assembled structure or any
combination or part of it.
2. Represent the action of each body or support that is removed by a
force or its components.
3. Label each force by its magnitude, if known, or by a symbol, if
unknown.
Free Body Diagram (Examples)

W1 W2 Wboard W3

Nfulcrum
Example: Draw the free – body diagram of the uniform beam shown. The
beam has a mass of 100 kg.
❑
Ay 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵 ❑ Effect of applied force
𝟐 𝒎 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵 2 𝒎❑ on beam

A𝑴 𝑨❑ 𝑮 ❑
𝑨 ❑
•
x

❑
𝑨
𝟔𝒎 ❑ 𝟑 𝒎❑ 𝟗𝟖𝟏 𝑵

Fig. (a) Effect of fixed Fig. (b) Effect of gravity

Solution: support on beam (weight) on beam
 The free body diagram of the beam is shown in Fig. (b). Since 𝑨 𝒙 ,support
, the . at A is a fixed
wall, there are three reactions acting on the beam at A, as and
 The magnitudes of these vectors are unknown, and their sense has been assumed.
(How does one obtain the correct sense of these vectors?)
 The weight of the beam , W = 100(9.81) = 981 N, acts through the beam's center of gravity
G, 3 m from A since the beam is uniform.
Problem 302: The cylinder C ❑
in the figure, weighs 1000 lb. Draw a FBD of
cylinder and of rod AB. 𝑩 𝑩❑
°
𝟔𝟎 𝑾 𝑪=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑻❑
𝑾 𝑪=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 ′ 𝟔𝟎 °
𝟔
𝑫❑ 𝟔′
❑ 𝑬❑ 𝑪❑ 𝑹𝑬
𝑪 𝑬❑ 𝑹𝑬
𝟔𝟎
°
𝟑
′ 𝑹1 𝑬❑
𝟔𝟎 ° 𝟑′
𝑨𝑿
❑
FBD of Cylinder
𝑨 𝑨❑
𝑨𝒀
FBD of rod AB
uations of Equilibrium of Coplanar Concurrent Force Systems

 From our previous chapter, the magnitude of the resultant of a

𝑹=√ ( 𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 ) + ( 𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 ) ²
concurrent force system is found by equation:

 For a force system to be in equilibrium, R must be zero.

 The conditions of equilibrium for concurrent force system are satisfied
by using equations that produce a zero resultant. These equations are
derived from the 1st condition of equilibrium which states that for a body
to be in equilibrium, the sum/resultant of all the forces must be zero.
This 1st condition of equilibrium is often represented by the following
equations:
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎 𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =0
uilibrium of bodies acted upon by two to three forces
Method I: Using Horizontal and Vertical Axes
Method II: Using Rotated Axes
Method III: Using Force Triangle or Force Polygon

Example: A system of cords knotted together as

shown, support a load of 100 kN at point A.
Compute the tensions acting on various cords.
 Using Method I: Using Horizontal and Vertical Axes
𝒀
. 𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎 (FBD of Joint A) 𝑸
𝑷
𝑷 𝒄𝒐𝒔 30 ° −𝑸 𝒄𝒐𝒔 45 °=0❑ 𝟒𝟓 ° 𝟑𝟎 °
𝑷 𝒄𝒐𝒔 30 °=𝑸 𝒄𝒐𝒔 45 °=0❑ 𝑿
𝑸 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝟓 ° ❑ 𝑨❑
𝑷= − 𝑬𝒒 .𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎 °
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
𝑷 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎 °+ 𝑸 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓 ° =𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑬𝒒 . 𝟐❑

𝑸Subst. (1) to
° (2):
𝒕𝒂𝒏30 ° From (1):
( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝟓
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎 ° )
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎 ° +𝑸 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟓 °=𝟏𝟎𝟎 =

𝑷 =𝟕𝟑 . 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑵
𝑸=𝟖𝟗.𝟔𝟖𝒌𝑵
Using Method II: Using Rotated Axes
 The disadvantage of Method I is the necessity of solving simultaneous equations.
 Since the reference axis are arbitrarily chosen, a better choice of reference axes will
eliminate simultaneous equations. This simplifies numerical work and reduces the
chance of error.
 Let the X axis be rotated counterclockwise and intersect one of the unknown P such
that P will have no Y component

𝑸❑
𝒀
𝟑𝟎 °
❑
𝑸❑𝒀 ′
′
𝟕𝟓° 𝟒𝟓 ° 𝑷 ❑ ❑ 𝑿
𝑷
𝟑𝟎 ° ❑ 𝟕𝟓°
❑ 𝑿
𝟑𝟎° 𝑨 𝑨❑
°
𝟔𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵❑
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵❑
 ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 ′ =𝟎
𝑸 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟕𝟓°=𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎°❑
❑
𝑸=𝟖𝟗.𝟔𝟔𝒌𝑵
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 ′ =𝟎❑
𝑷 =𝑸 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟕𝟓°+𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎° ❑
𝑷 =𝟕𝟑. 𝟐𝟏𝒌𝑵
3. Using Method III: Using Force Triangle or Force Polygon
 When three forces are in equilibrium, the easiest or best solution is
generally obtained by applying the sine law to the triangle representing
the polygon of forces
 Since forces in equilibrium has zero resultant, therefore, the tip of the
last vector must touch the tail of the first vector using the tip-to-tail
method of vector addition of forces and apply the law of sine to this this
triangle
  constructing the force polygon and applying sine law
𝑷 𝟏𝟎𝟎
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓 ° 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝟓 °
𝑸
°
𝟒𝟓
𝑷 =𝟕𝟑. 𝟐𝟏𝒌𝑵 𝟕𝟓
°

𝑸 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ❑ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵❑ Force Polygon

= 𝟔𝟎
°
(Using Tip to Tail
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝟎° 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝟓° 𝑷 Method)
❑
𝑸=𝟖𝟗.𝟔𝟓𝒌𝑵

Original
Force FBD of Joint
System A
 Problem 308: The cable and boom support a load of 600 lb as seen in the
rightmost figure. Determine the tensile force T in the cable and the
compressive force C in the boom.
Force 𝑻❑ ca
ble
°
Polygon: 𝟔𝟎 FBD of joint
° O: 𝑻 𝟑𝟎
°
𝑶
❑ 𝟕𝟓
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑶 °
𝟒𝟓 𝑪
° ❑ °
𝟒𝟓
𝟒𝟓
𝑪 ❑
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑ 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃

m
o
bo
Using Sine Law
𝑪 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝑻 𝟔𝟎𝟎 ❑ = Cable and
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝟎 ° 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝟓 ° Boom Force
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓° 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝟓° System
𝑻 =𝟒𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟑𝒍𝒃 𝑪=𝟓𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝒍𝒃
Problem 315: The 300-lb force and 400-lb force as shown are to be held in
equilibrium by a third force F acting at an unknown angle θ with the
horizontal. Determine the values of F and θ.
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑ 𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
𝑭 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽=𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎° ❑
❑
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑ 𝟑𝟎
°
❑
𝜽 ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎
𝑭 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽+𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎° −𝟑𝟎𝟎=𝟎❑
𝑭 𝑭 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽=−𝟒𝟔 .𝟒𝟏❑
❑
−𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟏
𝑭= − 𝑬𝒒 .(𝟐)
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Subts. Eq. (2) from Eq. (1)

Problem 319: Cords are looped around a small spacer separating two
cylinders each weighing 400 lb and pass as shown over frictionless
pulleys to weights 200 lb and 400 lb. Determine the angle θ and t-he
normal pressure N between the cylinders and the smooth horizontal
surface. 𝒚 ❑ ❑
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾 =𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃

𝜽❑ 𝒙❑ 𝜽
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
𝑶❑ 𝑶 ❑

❑
𝑵
❑
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝟎=−𝟖𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎°+ 𝐍❑
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽=𝟐𝟎𝟎 ❑ ❑
❑ 𝑵 =𝟒𝟓𝟑.𝟓𝟖𝒍𝒃
𝜽=𝟔𝟎°
Conditions of Equilibrium from Moments:
 it is possible to express the conditions of equilibrium in terms of moment
summation instead of X and Y summations
 its advantage – any particular force can be eliminated by taking moments about a
center on its line of action
 this method is very useful when the force to be eliminated is specified in direction
by its slope
 by using M=Rd a moment summation
❑
of a system of forces becomes zero if either: 𝑸
(a) the center of moments is on the action line •𝑩❑
of the resultant, that is, d = 0 ❑
𝑶 𝑷❑
(b) the magnitude of the resultant is zero, which
𝑭❑
indicates equilibrium

•
𝑨 ❑
 From the figure, let the moment sum of P, Q, and F be
taken about A
 If𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎either
, the resultant:
(a) passes through A
(b) or no resultant exists
 Taking moment sum at other point, say at B, which is not
on line OA, and taking we cannot say that the
zero moment sum is also caused by the resultant passing
through point B
 This means that the resultant acts in two directions OA
and OB at the same time, which is IMPOSSIBLE!
 The only conclusion possible to give zero moment sums is
to conclude that the resultant is zero
 therefore, two other equations of equilibrium are:
 the two previous equations presented are equivalent to and
❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
 they may be combine with other equation as may be convenient, thus:
❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎 ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎 ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
❑ ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎 𝜮 𝑴 𝑩 =𝟎 ❑
𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎

Three Coplanar Forces in Equilibrium are Concurrent

 we now prove that three coplanar forces in equilibrium must be
concurrent
 such problem may also be solved by other methods, but the principle
that three coplanar forces in equilibrium must be concurrent is
convenient for determining the directions of unknown forces
 let the three forces acting on the body as shown be in equilibrium
 prolong F and Q to intersect at O and determine their resultant by the
parallelogram law 𝑭❑
 if the third force P is to hold the system in ❑
𝑭
equilibrium, it must be equal, 𝑷❑ ❑ ❑
𝑶𝑹
collinear and oppositely directed to ❑
𝑸
directed to force R
 then, force P must coincide with R and pass 𝑸❑
through point O
 therefore, we conclude that if three coplanar forces are in equilibrium,
their lines of action must intersect in a common point
Problem 323: The truss shown is supported by a hinge at A and a roller
at B. A load of 2000 lb is applied at C. Determine the reactions at A and B.
❑
❑ ❑
𝑪
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎°
•
•𝟑𝟎
𝑫 °

𝑯
❑ 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟐 . 𝟎𝟓 𝒍𝒃
𝑯
𝟏𝟎′
𝑩❑ ❑
𝑹𝑨
𝛴 𝑅
𝑨❑
𝟓′
=0
•
𝜽
𝒉

𝒉
𝐴𝑉

𝑹𝑩
𝑹𝑨 𝟑𝟎 ′ ❑ 𝟏𝟎′❑
𝑹𝑨
+ 𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎 𝒗

𝟑𝟎 𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟎° ( 𝟒𝟎 ) +𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎° ( 𝟏𝟓 )

𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟗 .𝟑𝟓𝒍𝒃
Cont.

𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝟎
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 .𝟑𝟓 𝒍𝒃
𝑽

❑
𝑹=√ 𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟐 .𝟎𝟓 +𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 .𝟑𝟓 ²
𝟐

𝑹❑=𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟔 .𝟕𝟔 𝒍𝒃
𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟓
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽=
𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟐 ❑
°
𝜽=𝟑𝟒 . 𝟕
Sample Problem: Determine the horizontal and vertical components of
reactions for the beam loaded as shown. Neglect the weight and thickness
of the beam in the ❑
calculation. ❑
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝑽 𝑪 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵
❑ ❑ ❑
𝑨 ❑
°
𝟒𝟓
𝑪𝑯 𝑪 𝑫 𝑩 𝑩𝑯

𝟐 𝒎❑ 𝟑 𝒎❑ 𝟐 𝒎❑
𝑨𝑽 𝑩𝑽
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎
𝑪𝑽 − 𝑩 𝑯 =0
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔° − 𝑩 𝑯 =𝟎❑
𝑩 𝑯 =𝟒𝟐𝟒 𝑵
 Cont.
𝜮 𝑴 𝑩 =𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟐 )+𝑪 𝑽 ( 𝟓 ) − 𝑨 𝑽 ( 𝟕 )=𝟎❑
𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟐 )+𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓 ° ( 𝟓 ) − 𝑨 𝑽 ( 𝟕 ) =𝟎❑
𝑨 𝑽 =𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝑵
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
❑
𝟑𝟑𝟐− 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓 ° −𝟏𝟎𝟎− 𝟐𝟎𝟎+ 𝑩𝑽 =𝟎
𝑩𝑽 =𝟑𝟗𝟑 𝑵
Sample Problem: A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg and is used to lift a
2400-kg crate. It is held in place by a pin at A and a rocker at B. The center
of gravity of the crane is located at G. Determine the components of
reaction at A and B. Assume g = 9.81 m/sec² 𝑨𝑽
W = mg
𝑨𝑯 𝑨
1000(9.81) = 9810 N = 9.81 kN
𝟏.𝟓𝒎
𝑮•
2400(8.81) =23500 N = 23.5 kN
𝑩𝑯
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑨=𝟎❑
❑
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎
224 𝒌𝒈
❑
𝑩 𝑯 ( 𝟏 . 𝟓 )=𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 ( 𝟐 ) +𝟐𝟑 . 𝟓 ( 𝟔 ) 𝑩𝑮
𝟏𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈❑
𝑩 𝑯 =𝟏𝟎𝟕 .𝟏𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝐦 𝟒𝐦
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =0 𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =0
𝑨 𝑯 =𝑩 𝑯 𝑩 𝑽 =9.81+23.5
𝑨 𝑯 =𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟏𝒌𝑵 𝑩𝑽 =33.31 𝒌𝑵
Problem 326: The cylinders shown indicated weights and dimensions. Assuming
smooth contact surfaces, determined the reactions at A, B, C, and D on the
cylinders
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
❑
𝟐. 𝟔
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 =
𝟑′ 𝟑
❑
𝟏
❑𝑫′ 𝜽 𝜽=𝟑𝟎
°

𝑪
• 𝟐 . 𝟔′ 𝑭𝑩𝑫 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝑪𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 ❑

𝑨 𝟐 ′❑ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝜮 𝑭 =𝟎
• 𝑹
𝒚
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎° −𝟐𝟎𝟎=𝟎❑
𝑹𝑫 𝑪
𝑩 𝑹 𝑪 =𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃
°
𝟓 . 𝟔′ 𝟑𝟎
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎
𝑹𝒄 − 𝑹 𝑫 +𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎°=𝟎❑
𝑹 𝑫 =𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟏𝒍𝒃
Continued:
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝟎
=0
𝑭𝑩𝑫 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝑪𝒚𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
0
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟑𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟏𝒍𝒃
= 400 lb

𝑹𝑨 𝟑𝟎 °

𝑹𝑩
 Problem 329: Two cylinders A and B, weighing 100 lb and 200 lb
respectively, are connected by a rigid rod curved parallel to the smooth
cylindrical surface as shown. Determine the angles α and θ that define the
position of equilibrium.
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝜶+ 𝜽=𝟗𝟎 °❑
𝜽=𝟗𝟎° − 𝜶❑
𝑨 𝑩
𝜮 𝑴 𝑶 =𝑶
𝒓 𝟗𝟎 ° 𝒓
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶=𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ❑ 𝜶 𝜽
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶=𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( 𝟗𝟎°− 𝜶 ) ❑ 𝑶
𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝟎 𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶❑
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶=𝟐𝟎𝟎 ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟗𝟎° 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟗𝟎° 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 )❑𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
❑ ❑
𝜶=𝟐𝟔.𝟓𝟔°
𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶=𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 ❑ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝜽=𝟗𝟎° − 𝜶❑

𝜽=𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟒°
 Equilibrium of bodies acted upon by
coplanar non-concurrent force system
Equilibrium of Parallel Forces:
 The conditions for equilibrium of parallel forces are determined from conditions
necessary to create zero resultant
 The resultant of parallel force system is determined by the equations:
❑ ❑
𝑹=𝜮 𝑭 𝑹. 𝒅=𝜮 𝑴
 Since equilibrium means zero resultant, we can conclude that the independent
equations of equilibrium are:
❑ ❑
𝜮 𝑭=𝟎 𝜮 𝑴=𝟎

 These equations will yield only two unknowns to be determined to hold parallel force
system in equilibrium.
 A force summation may be replaced by a moment summation and
therefore, the equations of equilibrium for parallel forces may also be
expressed by: ❑
𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎
❑
𝜮 𝑴 𝑩 =𝟎
 The moment centers A and B connect a line that is not parallel to the
forces
 The use equations above are more preferred rather than where it is
being reserved as a check
 Problem: Determine the reactions for the beam shown.
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑ ′ 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
𝟕

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃/ 𝒇 𝒕 ❑
′
𝟏 ′ ′ ′
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑹 ¿𝟎
❑
𝟔
′
𝟖 𝟐 𝟒
𝑹𝟐
𝟏

𝑹𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝑹 𝟐=𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏 )+𝟒𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟒 ) − 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟔 )

𝑹 𝟐=𝟓𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒃❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =𝑶
𝑹 𝟏=𝟑𝟎𝟎+𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟎𝟎− 𝑹𝟐❑

𝑹 𝟏=𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
Problem: The cantilever beam shown is built into a wall 2 ft thick so that it rests against
points A and B, The beam is 12 ft long and weighs 100 lb/ft. A concentrated load of 2000
lb is applied at the free end. Compute the reactions at A and B.
❑
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟐 ) =𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
❑ 𝑹𝑨
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 ¿𝟎 ❑
𝟏𝟎
′
′
𝟐
′

❑
𝟐 𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟐 ) +𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟔 ) ❑ 𝟔
′
𝟒 𝑨
❑
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒍 𝒃 / 𝒇 𝒕
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟏𝟓, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑩 ❑

𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝑶 𝑹𝑩
❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝑹 𝑩 −𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟐, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
Problem: The differential chain hoist as shown consist of two concentric pulleys rigidly
fastened together. The pulleys form two sprockets chain looped over them in two loops.
In one loop is mounted a movable pulley supporting a load W. Neglecting friction,
determine load W that can just be raised by a pull P applied as shown.
❑ ❑
𝑭𝑩𝑫❑𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒚
❑
𝑭𝑩𝑫 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒊𝒈𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒚
𝑾 𝑾
𝟐 𝟐 ❑
• ❑
❑
𝑫 𝒅❑ ❑
•𝑶
•𝑶 𝑾❑ 𝑾 ❑
𝑷 ❑
𝑾 𝟐 ¿ 𝑵𝒐 𝟐
❑

𝑾 𝑾 𝑷 𝑾 ❑ ¿𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑾
❑

2 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
❑
𝒅𝒅
𝟐𝟐
•
𝑫❑ 𝑫❑
𝟐 𝟐 𝑾❑
Cont.
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑶 =0
❑

𝑾𝑫 𝑾𝒅 𝑷𝑫
− =
4 4 2
𝑾 𝑷𝑫
( 𝑫 − 𝒅 )=
𝟒 𝟐
𝑾 ( 𝑫 − 𝒅 )=𝟐 𝑷𝑫
𝑷𝑫
𝑾=
𝑫−𝒅
Problem 342: The wheel loads on a jeep are given as shown. Determine
the distance x so that the reaction of the beam at A is twice as great as
the reaction at B. ❑ ❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝟎 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
❑ ❑
𝑹 𝑨 + 𝑹 𝑩=𝟖𝟎𝟎
❑
𝒙 𝟒′
𝟐 𝑹 𝑩 + 𝑹 𝑩=𝟖𝟎𝟎
❑ ❑
𝑹𝑩=
𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝑨 𝑩
𝟑
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎 ❑
𝟏𝟓 ′ ❑

𝟏𝟓 𝑹 𝑩 =𝟔𝟎𝟎 ( 𝒙 ) +𝟐𝟎𝟎 ( 𝒙 +𝟒 )
𝟓 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝑩
𝟏𝟓 ( )
𝟑
=𝟖𝟎𝟎 ( 𝒙 ) +𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟐 𝑹 𝑩

𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝐱 =𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒙 =𝟒 𝒇𝒕
Problem 343: The weight W of a traveling crane is 20 tons acting as shown. To prevent
the crane from tipping to the right when carrying a load P of 20 tons, a counterweight Q
is used. Determine the value and position of Q so that the crane will remain in
equilibrium both when maximum load P is applied and when the load P is removed.

𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑷 𝒊𝒔𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅 : ❑ 𝑸
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑩=𝟎
❑
𝑸 ( 𝒙 +𝟓 ) =𝟐𝟎 ( 𝟏 ) +𝟐𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟎 ) ′
❑ 𝟏
𝑸𝒙 +𝟓𝑸=𝟐𝟐𝟎− 𝑬𝒒.𝟏❑
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑷 𝒊𝒔𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅 : 𝑷 =𝟐𝟎𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎 𝑾 =𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝑸 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐𝟎 ( 𝟔 ) − 𝑬𝒒.𝟐❑ 𝑨 𝑩
𝑸𝒙=𝟏𝟐𝟎− 𝑬𝒒 .𝟑 ❑ 𝒙 ❑ 𝟓 ′❑ 𝟏𝟎′❑
❑ ❑
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝐄𝐪 .𝟏: ❑ 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝐄𝐪 .𝟐: ❑
𝟏𝟐𝟎+𝟓𝑸=𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝑸𝒙=𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
❑
𝑸=𝟐𝟎𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 ❑ 𝒙 =𝟔 𝒇𝒕
Equilibrium of Non-Concurrent Force Systems:
 the resultant of non-concurrent force
❑ ❑ system❑could be determined
from the components of𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 , 𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 , and𝜮 𝑴
 the resultant will equal to zero, and therefore, equilibrium will exist
only when:

𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎❑ 𝜮 𝑭 𝒙 =𝟎❑ 𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎

𝜮 𝑭 𝒚 =0 ❑
𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎 𝜮 𝑴 𝑩 =𝟎

𝜮 𝑴=0 ❑
𝜮 𝑴 𝑩 =𝟎 𝜮 𝑴 𝑪 =𝟎
Problem 346: A boom AB is supported in a horizontal position by hinge A
and a cable from C over a small pulley at D as shown. Compute the
tension T in the cable and the horizontal and vertical component of
reaction at A.𝟖Neglect
❑ the size of the pulley at D. ❑
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽= 𝑫
𝟒
❑
𝜽=𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟑° ❑ 𝑻
+ 𝜮 𝑴 𝑨 =𝟎
¿ ❑
¿ 𝟖′ ❑

𝑻=𝟐𝟕𝟗.𝟓𝟐 𝒍𝒃 ❑
𝑻
❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝑻 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟑°
𝑯 𝑹𝑨 𝑨𝑪
❑
❑
𝜽 𝑩❑
𝑯
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟐𝟓 .𝟎𝟐 𝒍𝒃
𝑯

𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝑶 ❑ ❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟐𝟎𝟎+𝟏𝟎𝟎− 𝑻 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝟑 .𝟒𝟑 °
𝟐′ 𝟐′ 𝟐 ′❑
𝑽 𝑹𝑨 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟓𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑽
𝑽
 Problem 349: The shown in the figure is supported on rollers at A and
hinge at B. Solve for the components of reactions. 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃❑
❑
𝜮 𝑭 𝑯 =𝑶 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑫❑ 𝑬❑
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑯

+𝜮 𝑴 𝑩=𝟎 ′
𝟐𝟒 𝑹 𝑩 =𝟒𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟑𝟔 )+ 𝟔𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟐 ) −𝟐𝟒𝟎 (𝟏𝟔 ) 𝟏𝟔
𝑽
❑ ❑ 𝑩 𝑹𝑩
❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟕𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑪 𝑨 ❑
𝑯

𝑽
𝟏𝟐
′
𝟏𝟐′
𝑭𝟏𝟐
′
𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝑶
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟒𝟎𝟎+𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝑹 𝑨 ❑ 𝑹𝑩
𝑽 𝑽
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝑹𝑨
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑽
𝑽
𝑽
Problem 352: A pulley 4 ft in diameter and supporting a load of 200 lb is mounted at B on
a horizontal beam as shown. The beam is supported by a hinge at A and rollers at C.
Neglecting the weight of the beam, determine the reactions at A and C.

𝑭𝑩𝑫 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒚 ❑
𝑻❑ °
° 𝟔𝟎
𝟑𝟎
′
𝟐❑ °
𝟑𝟎
𝑩 •𝟐 ′

𝑹𝑨 𝑨 𝑩
❑ 𝑪
+𝜮 𝑴 𝑩=0 𝑹 𝑩❑ 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃❑
𝑯

•
𝑻 ( 𝟐 )=𝟐𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟐 )❑ 𝟒′ 𝟐′𝟐 𝑹
′

❑ 𝑹𝑨 𝑪
𝑻 =𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃 𝑽
❑
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃
 FBD
At pulley of
𝑹 𝑨 =√ ( 𝟓𝟗 ) + ( 𝟏𝟕𝟑 . 𝟐𝟎 ) ²
pulley 𝟐
(pulley) : ❑

𝑹 𝑩 =𝟐𝟎𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎°
❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝒍𝒃
𝑹 𝑩 =𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃 ❑

𝟓𝟎 ❑
❑

At beam support 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝑯 =

𝟖 𝑹 𝑪 =𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟒 ) 𝟏𝟕𝟑 .𝟐𝟎
❑

𝑹 𝑪 =𝟓𝟎𝒍𝒃 ❑
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝑯 =𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟎° ❑

𝜮 𝑭 𝑽 =𝑶
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑹 𝑪
𝑽 ❑
FBD
of
𝑹 𝑨 =50 𝒍𝒃 𝑽 beam:
𝜮 𝑭 𝑯 =𝑶
𝑹 𝑨 =𝑻 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎°
𝑯

𝑹 𝑨 =𝟏𝟕𝟑 .𝟐𝟎 𝒍𝒃
𝑯
Problem 359: A 12-ft bar of negligible weight rests in a horizontal position
on the smooth plane as shown. Compute the distance x at which the load
T = 100 lb should be placed from point B to keep the bar horizontal.

𝑹𝑩 ❑
°
𝟒𝟓
°
𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑷 =𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 ❑
𝑻 =𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃
❑ ❑

𝟑𝟎
° ❑ ❑
𝑹𝑨 𝟑 ′ 𝒙 ❑
𝑩
❑
❑
𝑨
30
°
𝟒𝟓
° 𝑹𝑩
𝑹𝑨
❑
❑

𝟏𝟐′
Using Sine Law:
𝑹𝑨 𝟑𝟎𝟎
°
= °
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟓 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟓 ❑
𝑹 𝑨 =𝟐𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟏𝒍𝒃
𝑹𝑩 𝟑𝟎𝟎
°
= °
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟎𝟓 ❑

𝑹 𝑩 =𝟏𝟓𝟓 . 𝟐𝟗 𝒍𝒃
+ 𝜮 𝑴 𝑩=𝟎
°
𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( 𝒙 ) +𝟐𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟗 )=𝑹 𝑨 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝟎 ( 𝟏𝟐 )
𝒙=4.02 ′