Current
trends and
issues in
Education
PRESENTED BY-
RIT JHAL AK
Introduction
. A profession is a dynamic integration of various faculties of knowledge.
. Education is a multipolar process, it is influenced by the modernization in different ways.
. Nursing education is a professional education, it is dynamic in its own nature and thereby
giving rise to trends.
Definition
EDUCATION
“By education I mean an all- round drawing out of the best in man – body, mind and spirit.”
- Mahatma Gandhi
NURSING EDUCATION
Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned
and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development of the
physical, intellectual, social, emotional, spiritual and aesthetic power or abilities of the student in
order to render professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all phases of health and illness,
in a variety of settings, in the best or highest possible manner.
RECENT TRENDS
Current Issues In Education
1. Disciple and security
2. Race, ethnicity and equality bilingual education
3. Mainstreaming
4. Public versus private
TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCATION
1. curriculum changes
2. innovation in teaching and learning
3. Educational Quality assurance
4. more reliance on technology
5. Emphasis on High-Tech-High-Touch approach
6. Preparation of global nurses
7. Trans-national Acceptance
Cont.…..
8. Ensuring a promising career
9. Emergence of new specialties
10. increased opportunities for higher education/ studies
11. preference of short term programs than post graduate programs
12. potential shortage of nurse educators
13. diminishing government role
14. Uniformity and standardization
PROGRAMS IN NURSING
EDUCATION
Nursing Programs
1. Practical Nurses Programs
Practical nurses programs prepare students to become licensed practical nurses (LPN) or licensed
vocational nurses (LVN). The graduates give patient care under the guidance and direction of a
registered nurse or other licensed health professional.
Cont.…
Educational settings: The Practical nurse's program is typically offered by a trade or technical
schools. The program may also be sponsored by high schools, hospitals or community colleges.
Entry requirements: Requirements are a high school diploma or demonstrated high school
equivalency. Other requirements may be stipulated by the educational institutions.
Educational base: The curriculum builds on introductory contents in the biological and social
sciences. These courses may carry college credit, or may be integrated in to the curriculum.
Cont.….
Curriculum: The course of study is 12-18 months and includes courses with a focus on acute
and chronic illness, rehabilitation, maintenance of health, and prevention of disease. Heavy
emphasis on is clinical practice.
Graduate from LPN/LVN programs are prepared to give care, under the direction of a
registered or licensed physician, to patients whose care plan is well established, and in structured
setting such as long-term care or acute care hospitals, outpatient settings, or physician's office.
2. Diploma Programs
Diploma programs prepare students to become registered nurses. The programs are typically
associated with a hospital, but more recently are affiliated with a college or university. The
program prepares students for technical nursing practice.
Cont.….
Educational setting: The hospital is the educational setting for the diploma courses. Cooperative
arrangements may be established with a community college or university to provide educational
courses in the biological and social science.
Entry requirements: A high school diploma is required for a diploma or into a diploma school.
Some schools user's scholastic aptitude tests such as the SAT and nursing aptitude tests as
admission guidance.
Educational base: The diploma program is based on a foundation of general education course in
the biological and social sciences.
Cont.….
Curriculum: The curriculum is designed to prepare nurses for direct patient care and includes
courses in nursing management and home health care. The curriculum can be completed in 2-3
years. Heavy emphasis is on clinical practice.
Licensure: Graduates from diploma program take the NCLEX-RN. Graduate are licensed as
registered nurse.
Accrediting agency: Diploma programs are accredited by the council of diploma programs of
the NLN
3. Associate Degree Program
Associate degree programs prepare students to become registered nurses. The curriculum is
offered in a community college or a senior university and prepares the graduates for technical
nursing practice.
Cont.…
Educational setting: Associate degree programs are offered primarily by community and junior
colleges. They may be offered I vocational colleges, senior universities, or as a free- standing
degree-granting institutions.
Entry requirements: Applicants to associate degree programs must meet the entry requirements
of the college or university in which the program is located; normally includes graduation from
high school or equivalent qualification.
Education basis: Associate degree program is based in general education courses. The courses
meet degree requirements of the college or university and include biological and social science
Cont.….
Curriculum: There are two curriculum patterns preparing graduates for the AND degree. The
first is a generic or basic curriculum. The second pattern is an LPN or ADN program that
provides mobility for graduates of LPN programs and accepts the credits and experience for
previous learning.
Degree granted: The degree is granted by the institution of higher education in which the
Associate degree program is located.
License: The graduates have to write NCLEX-RN examination.
Accrediting agency: AND is accredited by the associate degree council of the NLN.
4. Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Baccalaureate nursing programs set in colleges and universities are designed to prepare graduates
as generalists in profession nursing practice.
Baccalaureate graduates are care givers, client advocates, change agents, consultants, case
finders, teachers, and leaders. Bachelors of science in nursing (BSN) graduates care for
individuals, groups, families, and communities and are prepared to give nursing care in
structured and unstructured settings.
Cont.….
Education setting: Baccalaureate nursing programs are offered in senior (4-year) college and
universities. Educational base: The Baccalaureate curriculum is founded on a strong base of
liberal arts and science curriculum.
Curriculum: The two types of curricula preparing students for a BSN are the generic curriculum
and the post diploma curriculum.
Degree granted: The degree granted is a BN, BSN, or BA.
Accreditation agencies: BSN programs are accredited by the council of higher degree programs
of NLN.
5. Master’s Degree Program
Master’s degree programs in nursing prepare nurses for specialty roles in nursing practice. The
programs also prepare nurses with a functional focus of educator, manager/ administrator, clinical
specialist or nurse practitioner. Master's degree in nursing programs in nursing originally
developed to meet the need for teachers and advanced practitioners.
Cont.….
Educational setting: Masters programs are offered in college and universities with graduate
programs.
Entry requirements: Graduation from a BSN program.
Educational base: BSN program is the basis for the master's program, includes liberal arts and
sciences.
Cont.….
Curriculum: There are three major curriculum structures for the MSN. The common structure is
that of the post Baccalaureate curriculum. The curriculum consists of core courses in nursing
issues, research, statistics, and nursing theory; course in the specialty major (medical surgical,
psychiatry, OBG, pediatrics, community etc.;); and courses in the functional role (education,
administration).
Degree granted: Graduates from master's program receives the MSN (M.Sc.) or MA.
6. Doctoral Program
Doctoral program prepare nurses for role as academicians, administers, advanced clinical
scientists, researchers, consultants, and independent practitioners. Doctoral degree in nursing
may be professional degrees (EdD, DNS, ND) or research degree (PhD). The first doctoral
degree in nursing was offered at Columbia University in 1924.
Cont.…..
Educational setting: Doctoral program in nursing is offered in colleges and universities with
graduate programs in nursing.
Entry requirements: Admission requirements to doctoral programs are set by the nursing
program and the college or university.
Educational base: Doctoral program in nursing build on the educational basis of advanced arts,
science, and nursing of the MSN program.
Cont.….
Curriculum: There are four types of doctoral nursing programs. The doctor of nursing science
(DNSc, DNS); the doctor of philosophy (PhD), which is the most common; the doctor of
education (EdD); and the nursing doctorate (ND). The curriculum design of the degree is
depended on the purpose of the program, program objective, and the degree granted.
Degree granted: The degree granted is depend on the type of educational program the student
attends.
Issues in Education
1. Social Issues
2. Ethical Issues
Social issues in education
1. Emotional Issues
2. Ethnic Issues
3. Gender Issues
4. Economic Issues
5. Cultural Issues
Impact of social issues in education
There are basically two kinds of impact
1. Students performance suffers
2. the teachers expectations do not remain the same for everybody
Some current issues in education which
needs immediate attention
Providing family and medical leave to all working parents so that they can spend quality time
with their children
Providing financial support to low- income families and single mothers
Giving scholarships to teachers to study further and running training programs for them
Taking steps to prevent the spread of HIV, STDs among adolescents.
Girl Education:
To correct the male- female sex-ratio and limit the family size the Ministry of Human Resource
Development, Government of India has come up with a novel scheme of providing free ships and
scholarships to all girls from single child families up to the post-graduate level.
Starting from next academic session all single girl children will be eligible for free education
from Class VI onwards for graduate and post- graduate studies.
2. Ethical Issues
There are certain ethical issues in education which too, affect students such as whether to allow
cell phones in school or not, should school uniforms be made compulsory, etc.
The Current Trends & Their Related Issues
in Nursing Education in India
1. Alignment of nursing practice with theory
2. Abrupt changes in curriculum
3. Technological advancement and digital health
4. Research with a broader scope
5. Enhancement of faculty development
6. Standards and protocols by regulatory bodies
7. Cultural Diversity
8. Economic concerns
Evolution of Nursing Education in India
Year Establishment
1871 School of nursing started in general hospital,
Madras.
1886 School of nursing in a full-fledged form was
started in JJ hospital, Bombay.
1892 Many hospitals in Bombay started nursing
associations which were intended to provide
additional facilities for the training of local
nurses.
1908 TNAI established.
1909 Bombay presidency nursing association was
formed.
Cont.….
Year Establishments
1910 United Board of examination for nurses was
organized.
1913 South India Board was organized.
1926 First nurse’s registration act was passed in Madras.
1935 Madras and Bombay nursing council were
established.
1942 ANM program started.
1943 School of nursing at RAK College, New Delhi.
1943 Diploma program in nursing administration started
in New Delhi
Cont.…
Year Establishments
1946 Four-year BSc nursing program was started in
RAK College, New Delhi and CMC, Vellore.
1947 INC act was passed
1949 INC was established.
1959 MSc nursing program was started at RAK
college.
1963 Post basic B.Sc. nursing program started in
various institution.
1968 MSc Nursing in CMC, Vellore.
Cont.….
Year Establishment
1972 Basic degree program started in, Kerala.
1985 MSc nursing started in CMC, Ludhiana.
1985 IGNOU established.
1986 Curriculum changes for GNM program from
three and half years to three years.
1986 M Phil program started in RAK, Delhi.
1987 MSc nursing started in Kerala.
1987 Separate directorate of nursing was created in
Karnataka state.
Cont.….
Year Establishment
1988 MSc nursing in NIMHANS, Bangalore.
1992 PhD in RAK College, New Delhi.
1992 Post BSc program started under IGNOU.
1994 MSc nursing at MAHE, Manipal.
1994 Basic BSc nursing program under school of medical
education at Mahatma Gandhi University,
Kottayam.
1996 M.Phil. and PhD at MAHE, Manipal and Kottayam.
2001 PhD at NIMHANS, Bangalore.
Cont.…..
Year Establishment
2001 PhD in RGUHS, Bangalore, Vinayaka
mission, Tamil Nadu.
2005 to 2006 Increased duration GNM from 3 years to 3.5
years.
2006 to 2007 Revised syllabus of ANM.
2011 PhD in Baba Farid University of Health
Sciences, Faridkot.
2015-2016 Revision of GNM Syllabus and decrease
duration from 3.5 years to 3years by INC.
SUMMARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Sodhi Kaur Jaspreet. "COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION". Jaypee publications. 2nd edition (2022). Page
no: 31-34.
2. Sudha R. "NURSING EDUCATION PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS". Jaypee publications. 1ª edition (2013). Page no: 34-47
3. Shankar Narayan Binu. "LEARNING AND TEACHING IN NURSING". 1st edition. Brain hills publishers. Page no: 16-24.
4. Neerja KP. "TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION" 1st edition. Jaypee Publishers. Page no: 9-11.
Net references-
5. https://elearningindustry.com
6. https://www.scribd.com
7. https://egyankosh.ac.in
8. https://studocu.com
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