UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS

Sudapin, Kidapawan City

GESSP 02/SOC SCI 2

PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT
BALOGBOG, HONEYLEN F.
College of Education, Arts, and Sciences
September 17, 2024
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 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS
Sudapin, Kidapawan City

Chapter 3:
A Culture of Peace
BALOGBOG, HONEYLEN F.
College of Education, Arts, and Sciences
September 17, 2024
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 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:
 learn the definition for a culture of
peace; and
 determine the organizations
responsible for peace-keeping.
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 Chapter 3:
A Culture of Peace
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE

Declaration of a Culture of
Peace in 1998
It was created in preparation
for the International Year of
Peace in 2000, which aims to
celebrate and encourage a
culture of peace. United Nations
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 What is
a culture of peace?
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE

A culture of peace is a “set of

values, attitudes, traditions,
modes of behavior, and ways of
life that reflect and inspire:
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE
•Respect for life and for all human rights;
•Rejection of violence in all its forms and
commitment to the prevention of violent conflict by
tackling their root causes through dialogue and
negotiation;
•Commitment to full participation in the process of
equitably meeting the needs of present and future
generations;
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE
•Promotion of the equal rights and opportunities of
women and men;
•Recognition of the right of everyone to freedom of
expression, opinion and information;
Devotion to principles of freedom, justice, democracy,
tolerance, solidarity, cooperation, pluralism, cultural
diversity, dialogue and understanding between
nation, between ethnic, religious, cultural and other
groups, and between individuals.”
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE
The UN highlighted 8 action areas for a culture of
peace. According to the UN, for peace and non-
violence to prevail, we need to:
•Foster a culture of peace through education
•Promote sustainable economic and social
development
•Promote respect for all human rights
•Ensure equality between women and men
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 3.1 A CULTURE OF PEACE
The UN highlighted 8 action areas for a culture of
peace. According to the UN, for peace and non-
violence to prevail, we need to:
•Foster democratic participation
•Advance understanding, tolerance, and solidarity
•Support participatory communication and the free
flow of information and knowledge
•Promote international peace and security.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

The culture of peace encompasses three

continuums, Social, Political, and Economic
continuums, three aspects of society that,
before positive peace must be achieved,
must first be achieved in each of these three
categories.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Castro and Galace (2010) further

subdivides the promotion of a
culture of peace into six dimensions
and operative values.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Castro and Galace (2010) further

subdivides the promotion of a
culture of peace into six dimensions
and operative values.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE
Social Continuum
•Personal & Family Integrity – Spirituality
•Intercultural Understandings & Solidarity – Dialogue
Political Continuum
•Human Rights and Democracy – Justice
•Disarmament & Cessation of Hostilities – Active Non-violence
Economic Continuum
•Poverty Eradication – Compassion
•Environmental
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Protection – Stewardship 16
 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

SOCIAL CONTINUUM
 Personal & Family Integrity –
Spirituality
Keeping the self and the family whole is
a foundation of a peace culture.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

A person can be spiritual without being religious.

Religion is an organized system of faith, with
rituals and traditions that help define the culture
of the religion.
Spirituality, on the other hand, are belief and
practices that are immaterial and concern more
than just the self.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

SOCIAL CONTINUUM
 Intercultural Understandings and
Solidarity – Dialogue
Wars happen for many reasons, one of
which is a lack of understanding of the
other person’s cultures and traditions.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE
Culture as we see it on the internet are usually just
surface level parts of a whole. There is more to the
Philippines than just bayanihan and fiestas, after all.
Thus, it is important to look at culture not just from the
perspective of one’s own culture, but also from the
view of other cultures.
No culture is superior to another, and helping to
understand the how’s and why’s of one culture may
also help to understand why one’s own culture is the
way it is.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Multicultural education needs to start at an

early age, to help young children see the
culture of others as well as their own. They
are much more susceptible to learning and
internalizing negative stereotypes of
another culture, thus it is important to
eliminate these biases early, and enable
children to learn that every culture is equal.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

POLITICAL CONTINUUM
 Human Rights and Democracy –
Justice
Human rights are the basic laws and
freedoms belong to every person in the
world.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

The United Nations are the current body that

observes and enforces these rights. Their
Universal Declaration of Human Rights was
drafted and signed in 1948 as a standard of
achievements for all peoples and all nations. The
UDHR essentially lists the rights that each
person has, no exceptions. The observation and
education of these rights is the most basic step
towards the elimination of conflict and war.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

POLITICAL CONTINUUM
 Disarmament & Cessation of
Hostilities – Active Non-violence
Disarmament is the act of reducing the
size and strength of a country’s military.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Gandhi’s movement sparked other non-

violent revolutions around the world, from
Martin Luther King’s own civil rights
movement in the US, the Dalai Lama was
inspired by him. The People Power
Revolution, while not influenced directly by
Gandhi, still draws parallels to its non-
violent means of protest.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE
Though peace movements and advocates
might talk about the need for everyone to
lay down their arms, the fact remains that it
is difficult to convince a country to disarm
themselves unless they were forced to, such
as what happened to Japan at the end of
World War II. Despite the agreement on the
ban on nuclear weapons, the US and Russia
still hold thousands in their arsenal.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Active non-violence (ahimsa in

Hinduism and Buddhism) is the refusal
to harm other humans, or any other
living thing, in the belief that all life is
sacred. We turn back to the Golden
Rule, do not do unto others what you
do not want others do unto you, as this
saying is both morally correct and
highly practical.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

ECONOMIC CONTINUUM
 Poverty Eradication - Compassion
One of the most common reasons for
conflict is lack of resources.

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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

The study of economics is the study of how

society uses these scarce resources. While
economics is traditionally studied with the
intent of making the production of goods
and services as efficient as possible, a branch
of economics known as peace economics
have evolved to study the use of resources in
order to prevent conflict as much as
possible.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

The first step is the eradication of

poverty.

Poverty is the lack of resources for

day-to-day living, and is a major
source of conflict all over the world.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Historically, the French Revolution

and the Russian Revolution were
caused because the serfs and
peasants of France and Russia have
had enough of the oppression of
the nobility and overthrew them.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

In the modern day, most crimes

and thievery are due to simply
having no other way to live.
Unable to find jobs or having a
family to support, people turn to
crime to survive.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Poverty eradication is a major goal

on the road to peace. Karl Marx
and Adam Smith are such thinkers,
who are the fathers of communism
and economics, respectively.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Karl Marx
-the father of
communism

Book: “Das
Kapital”
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

-Believed that
everyone should be
given an equal number
of resources.
“From each according
to his ability, to each
according to his needs”
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

Adam Smith
-the father of
economics

Book: “The Wealth

of Nations”
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

-Believed that a free

market will allow goods
and services to be priced
at the amount that is
equal to what the people
demand and what the
business owners can
provide.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

ECONOMIC CONTINUUM
 Environmental Protection –
Stewardship
The main problem with protecting the
environment is that everyone thinks
everyone else should do it.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE

The Tragedy of the Commons, they say,

where because a resource is free and
abundant, everyone wants to take the lion’s
share of it, causing the resource to dwindle
without the people really changing their
behavior. This eventually causes the resource
to be depleted, while everyone else points
their fingers on whose fault it is.
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 3.2 THREE CONTINUUMS FOR PEACE
The 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change
was a conference of world leaders on how to
combat the rising problem of global warning
and environmental destruction. In particular, it
aimed to reduce the increase of world
temperatures from 2°C to less than 1.5°C. This is
significant because even a very small increase in
the world temperatures will raise the sea levels
drastically. For island countries like the Marshall
Islands, this means doom.
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 What is
a culture of peace?
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It is a culture of respect and
learning, of giving rather than
taking, of helping rather than
harming.
In other words, respect others, see
things from their point of view, and
don’t be mean.
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 Thank
You!
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 END OF SLIDE

Thank you for viewing.

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