CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS]
DATABASENAME
Note: IF NOT EXISTS will attempt to create
database only if the given name database
not exists. If command is executed without it
and database already exists then error
message ‘database already exists’ will come
Example:
Create Database mydata1;
Create Database if not exists mydata1;
To start working in any database it must be
opened by USE command.
USE
databasename;
Example:
Use mydata1;
To get the list of all created
databases –
show databases;
To remove already existing
database –
remove database [IF EXISTS]
databasename Example:
Drop database mydata1;
Create Table Tablename(colname
datatype(size), colname2
datatype(size),…);
Example:
create table emp(empno int, name
varchar(20), dept varchar(20), salary
int);
◾A constraints refers to condition or
limitation we apply on any column
so that only correct information will
be entered in table.
◾ MySQL allows to apply constraint by
two methods
At the time of table creation
After table creation
◾ PRIMARY KEY : ensures unique value in
any column also forces data entry
mandatory. Only one primary key can be
applied in one table
◾ UNIQUE : also allows unique value in any
column but it allows NULL values and can
be applied to n times
◾ NOT NULL : it will make data entry
mandatory for applied column i.e. NULL
will not be allowed
◾ DEFAULT : it allows to specify any value
which will be automatically inserted in
applied column if we not specify applied
column at the time of data entry using
INSERT
◾ CHECK : allows to specify range of values
that can be entered in applied column like
salary must be greater than 2000, marks
must be greater than 0 or dept must be in
given list of values etc.
◾ Note: in mysql the database engine will
ignore the
check
constraints.
◾ FOREIGN KEY: allows to establish
relationship between
2 tables. Foreign key column will be
dependent on PRIMARY KEY column of
another table and allows to enter only those
values in foreign key whose corresponding
value exists in PRIMARY KEY
Now lets check PRIMARY KEY is working or
not by inserting
duplicate empno
Now lets check NOT NULL is working or not
by inserting
NULL value in name column
Now let us check how DEFAULT constraint to use. (Remember
to use DEFAULT CONSTRAINT, The applied column name
will not be used with INSERT
Default
value
‘Marketing’
is
automatica
lly
inserted
Create another table to store training
details of employee as-
mysql> create table
training(empno int,
trainingname
varchar(20),startdate date,
enddate date, constraint
myfkey foreign key(empno)
references ABCLtd(empno));
Inserted
successfully
because
matching
empno is in Error,
ABCLtd empno 3
not in
Now Let us try to insert records in our ABCLtd
training table:
◾ Note: after foreign key is applied, we
cannot delete any record or update
primary key value in master table because
its related records will be in foreign key
table
◾ 2 main options available while applying
foreign key:
1. ON DELETE CASCASE : it means if any
record from master table is deleted its
related records in foreign key table will also
be deleted
2. ON UPDATE CASCADE: it means if primary
key value in master table is changed then it
will be automatically reflected in foreign key
table
◾ MySQL allows us to get the structure of
table like list of columns, data type, size
and key information of table using DESC /
DESCRIBE command
◾ Example
◾ Python allows us to create either fresh table
of table based on existing table. Now we will
see how we can create table based on
existing table like backup of a table or copy
of a table.
◾ Full Copy
Create table XYZLtd as select * from ABCLtd;
◾ Selected Column copy
Create table ABCCorp as select empno, name,
salary from
ABCLtd;
◾ Selected Record Copy
Create table ITTable as select * from ABCLtd where
dept=‘IT’;
◾ ALTERTABLE command allows us to
perform the following operations:
Adding new column in existing table
Dropping existing column from
table
Modifying column definition in table
Changing the name of column
Adding or dropping constraint
after table creation.
After new column is
added, if you select
record it will display
NULL in that column for
previous record, we
have to update it using
UPDATE command
ALTER TABLE ABCLtd drop
designation;
IN PLACE OF “FIRST” WE CAN
ALSO USE “AFTER COLUMN
NAME”
FOR E.G. TO SET DEPTNO AFTER
ENAME ALTER TABLE EMP
MODIFY DEPTNO INT AFTER
ENAME
In this
way we
can add
any
constrain
t
◾ DROP TABLE[IF EXISTS]
tablename
◾ Example
Drop Table emp;
Drop table if exists emp;
