PRINTERS

•Printer is a device that produces the output on paper.

• Such an output is also known as hard copy and it may be in the form of
text or graphics. There are many different types of printers.

•These printers vary in terms of size, speed and quality of output.

•Some of the types of printers are:

1.Dot Matrix Printer
2.Ink-jet Printer
3.Laser Printer
4.Thermal printer
1. Thermal printers :
Thermal printers are a type of printer that uses heat to
produce an image or text on specially coated thermal
paper. Thermal printers are inexpensive and are used in
most calculators and many fax machines.

Types of Thermal Printers:

•Direct Thermal Printers:
Use heat-sensitive paper; no ink or toner required.
•Thermal Transfer Printers:
Use a ribbon that melts onto the paper to create durable
prints.

Applications:
•Retail and Point of Sale (POS) receipts.
•Barcode and label printing.
•Medical and scientific data printing.
•Ticketing systems.
ADVANTAGES :
* Fast and quiet operation.
* Minimal maintenance as no ink or toner is used (in direct thermal).
*Compact and lightweight design.

DISADVANTAGES:
* Prints are sensitive to heat, light, and time

* Limited to black and white or monochromatic printing

*Requires special thermal paper..
2. Laser Printers :
A laser printer is a type of printer that uses a laser beam and
electrostatic charges to transfer toner onto paper, producing
high-quality text and images. : It works on the principle of a
photocopier. It utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on
a drum. The light of the laser alters the electrical charge on
the drum wherever it hits. The drum is then rolled through a
reservoir of toner, which is picked up by the charged portions
of the drum. Finally, the toner is transferred to the paper
through a combination of heat and pressure.

Types of Thermal Printers:

•Monochrome Laser Printers: Print in black and white.
•Color Laser Printers: Print in color using CMYK toner (cyan,
magenta, yellow, and black).

Applications:
•Office and professional document printing.
•High-volume printing tasks.
•Business and educational environments.
ADVANTAGES :
* High-quality and sharp prints.
* Fast printing speed, suitable for bulk tasks.
* Cost-effective for high-volume printing.
* Durable prints that resist smudging.

DISADVANTAGES:
* Higher initial cost compared to inkjet printers.
* Larger and heavier design.
* Toner cartridges are expensive, though they last longer.
* Not ideal for photo printing or fine color gradations.
 3. Dot Matrix Printers:
• It is a type of printer that uses a print head to
print characters on paper.
• The print head moves in back and forth or up
and down motion on the page.
• The characters formed from dots are thus
printed on the paper.
• These printers are generally considered
outdated, as they cannot create high-quality
prints.
• This printer look quite similar to the printing
mechanism of typewriters and daisy wheel
printers.
• Used in carbon copies
ADVANTAGES :
* Cost effective
* Durability
* Carbon copies
* Low operating cost simplicity
* Good for bulk printing

DISADVANTAGES:
* Print quality
* Noise level
* Speed
* Maintenance
* Limited color printing
* Limited features
4. Ink-Jet Printers:
•Ink jet printers work by spraying ionized ink on a sheet of
paper.
•Magnetized plates in the ink’s path direct the ink onto the
paper in the desired shapes.
•Ink-jet printers are capable of producing a better print
than the dot matrix printers.
•A typical ink-jet printer provides a resolution of 300 dots
per inch.
•These are also known as Line printers as the output is
produced line by line.
•In general, the price of ink-jet printers is lower than that
of laser printers.
ADVANTAGES :
* High quality prints
* versatility
* Compact size
* Quiet operation
* Wireless printing options

DISADVANTAGES:
* Ink cost
* Speed
* Durability of printers
* Frequent maintenance
* Less efficient for High volume printing
Compute the roots of a quadratic equation by accepting the coefficients. Print appropriate
messages

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float a,b,c,d,rpart,ipart,root1,root2;
printf("Enter three co-efficient\n");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
if(a==0 && b==0)
{
printf(“Invalid inputs”);
}
else if(a==0)
{
printf(“Linear Equation\n”);
root1=-c\b;
printf(“Root=%f\n”,root1);
}
else
{
d=(b*b)-(4*a*c);
if(d==0)
 {
printf("The roots real and equal\n");
root1= -b/(2*a);
root2=root1;
printf("The roots are root1=%.3f and root2=%.3f\n",root1,root2);
}
else if(d>0)
{
printf("The roots are real and distinct\n");
root1=(-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a);
root2=(-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a);
printf("The roots are root1=%.3f and root2=%.3f\n",root1,root2);
}
else
{
printf("The roots are imaginary\n");
rpart=-b/(2*a);
ipart=sqrt(fabs(d))/(2*a);
printf("The first root root1=%.3f+i%.3f\n",rpart,ipart);
printf("The second root root2=%.3f-i%.3f\n",rpart,ipart);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:

Run1:
Enter three co-efficients
123
The roots are imaginary
The first root root1=-1.000+i1.414
The second root root2=-1.000-i1.414

Run2:
Enter three co-efficients.
152
The roots are real and distinct
The roots are root1=-0.438 and root2=-4.561

Run3:
Enter three co-efficients
121
The roots real and equal
The roots are root1=-1.000 and root2=-1.000
Write a C program to print Pyramid of stars patterns using Looping.

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, rows;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);

for (i = 1; i <= rows; ++i)

{
for (j = 1; j <= rows - i; j++)
{
printf(" ");
}
for (j = 1; j <= 2 * i - 1; j++)
{
printf("*");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
 OUTPUT:

Enter number of rows: 5

*
***
*****
*******
*********

------------------------------------------------*********------------------------------------------------------
NAGASHREE S-53
NAMITHA A BYRAV-54
NAMRATHA S-55
NANDAN A DIVATE-56