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Content
• DESIGN OF BRIDGES
• DEFINITION OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE
• TYPES OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE
• MATERIALS OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE
• PROCESSES IN DESIGNING HIGHWAY
BRIDGE
DESIGN OF BRIDGES
Bridge design is a combination of art and Bridge science.
Conceptual design is usually the fi rst step. Before any
theoretical analysis and detailed design process, the
designers visualize the bridge to determine its function and
performance.
The conceptual design process includes selection of bridge
systems, materials, proportions, dimensions, foundations,
aesthetics, and consideration of the surrounding landscape
and environment. A bridge may be straight or horizontally
curved, or have skewed supports. The width of a highway
bridge is determined by the number and width of the traffi c
lanes and the shoulder or sidewalk width, and is typically
the same dimension as the approaching highway.
The selection of bridge type is infl uenced by many
factors such as span length, site geology and foundation
requirements, design loads, surrounding geographical
features, width requirements, clearance requirement
below the bridge, transportation of construction
materials, erection procedures, and construction cost and
duration. A bridge is required to fulfi l its function as a
thoroughfare while blending and harmonizing with its
surroundings.
The fi nal design process involves structural analysis,
member and detail design, and preparation of
construction drawings and specifi cations. Structural
analysis commonly involves computer models, which use
appropriate material properties, member discretization,
boundary conditions, and loads.
Members and connections joints are proportioned to carry
all possible loads (permanent loads, vehicular live loads,
wind loads, and earthquake loads), combined and
DEFINITION OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE
A highway bridge is a transportation
structure built to span obstacles such
as rivers, streams, roads, or complex
terrains, facilitating the movement of
vehicles on highway routes. These
bridges are typically designed with
robust structures to ensure safety for
people and vehicles, while allowing
high-speed traffi c to fl ow
uninterrupted.
TYPES OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE
-A suspension bridge is a
type of bridge that uses
cables to support the entire
deck, allowing it to span long
distances like large rivers or
straits. The structure
includes:
*Towers: Support the main
cables.
*Main cables: Run along the
towers and bear the primary
load.
*Suspender cables: Connect
the main cables to the bridge
-A beam bridge is a type of bridge where
the primary load-bearing components are
beams. These beams, which can be made
from reinforced concrete, steel, or other
materials, support the weight of the bridge
deck and transfer loads to the supports or
piers at each end of the bridge. Beam
bridges are commonly used for road and rail
-Interstate highways are major roads that
connect different provinces or states within a
country. They are designed to high standards,
featuring multiple lanes and medians to enhance
safety and reduce congestion. These highways
streamline travel and promote trade between
regions.
"Urban expressway" typically
refers to high-speed roads
located within or near urban
areas, designed to reduce
traffi c congestion and
improve connectivity between
diff erent parts of the city.
These roads usually feature
multiple lanes, high speed
limits, and advanced
intersections to handle high
traffi c volumes.
MATERIALS OF HIGHWAY
BRIDGE
-Concrete:
Strong, durable, and widely used for decks and
supports.
Types include reinforced and precast concrete.
-Steel:
High strength and fl exibility, often used for beams
and girders. Weathering steel is corrosion-resistant
and forms a protective rust layer.
-Composite Materials:
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is lightweight and
resistant to corrosion. Steel-concrete composites
combine the strengths of both materials.
-Asphalt:
MATERIAL
Used for the bridge’s roadway surface, fl exible
enough to handle traffi c loads.
Timber:
Engineered Wood: Some smaller or rural bridges
S
OF
use timber, especially for temporary structures or
pedestrian highway bridges. Engineered wood
off ers more strength and durability compared to
HIGHWAY
traditional timber.
-Stone Stone: Used primarily in the past for arch
BRIDGE
bridges, stone is still used for decorative purposes
in bridge abutments and retaining walls.
PROCESSES IN
DESIGNING
HIGHWAY BRIDGE
The highway bridge design process includes the following steps:
1. Research and evaluate the location:
This step includes evaluating the site to ensure that it conforms to
project requirements and can withstand the loads of high-speed
vehicles.
2. Design and analysis of results: This step includes designing the
highway bridge and analyzing the results to ensure that it meets all
requirements and safety standards.
3. Construction and Inspection: This step includes the construction of
the highway bridge and inspection to ensure that it meets all safety
standards and requirements.
4. Testing and Evaluation: This step involves testing and evaluating the
highway bridge to ensure that it meets all safety requirements and
standards
5. Maintenance and upkeep: This step includes the maintenance and
upkeep of the highway bridge to ensure that it is in good working order
Thank You For
Listening
Gerente General
QUESTION AND ANSWER
Question 1: What types of bridges are commonly used
on highways?
a) Suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges,
reinforced concrete bridges.
b) Wooden bridges, bamboo bridges, stone bridges.
c) Floating bridges, temporary bridges, pontoon
bridges.
d) Underpasses, steel bridges, foldable bridges.
Question 2: Why is it necessary to design bridges
according to safety standards?
a) To ensure that the bridge can withstand heavy loads
and harsh weather conditions.
b) To save construction costs.
c) To make the bridge look more beautiful.
d) To reduce construction time.
Question 3: Why is concrete often used as a
pavement material for highway sections?
a) Because it is cheaper than asphalt.
b) Because it has a long lifespan and good load-
bearing capacity.
c) Because it is easier to construct.
d) Because it is lighter than other materials.
