Menoufia University

Faculty of Computers and Information

Department of Information
Technology

Information networks design

by

Dr. Tamer Fathy Ghanem

2020
Agenda

Lecture 5
17-10-2020
 Protocols for Real-Time Conversational Applications: Project

• Project 1: Real time conversation Using FreePBX

Switch

Soft phone clients

(line phone)

FreePBX server

Dr. Tamer Fathy 3

 Protocols for Real-Time Conversational Applications: Project

• Project 1: Real time conversation Using FreePBX

• Needed devices: 3 PC
• PC 1: SIP proxy/registrar server using FreePBX (
https://www.freepbx.org/get-started/)
• PC 2: soft IP phone device using Line Phone software. (
https://www.linphone.org/)

• PC 3: soft IP phone device using Line Phone software.

• Task:
• Setup call between PC 2 and PC 3
• use Wireshark program to capture SIP and RTP flow between
PC2  PC1, and PC3  PC1
• Draw the conversational flow using time lines.
Dr. Tamer Fathy 4
Agenda

• Network Management (SNMP)

• Introduction
• The Level Of Management Protocols
• Architectural Model
• Protocol Framework
• Examples of MIB Variables
• The Structure Of Management Information
• Structure And Representation Of MIB Object Names
• Simple Network Management Protocol
• SNMP Message Format
• An Example Encoded SNMP Message
 Network Management

Dr. Tamer Fathy 6

 Architectural Model

Figure 27.1: Example of network management

Dr. Tamer Fathy 7
 The Level Of Management Protocols

• Telephony systems management and earlier wide area

networks:
• At data link layer.

• Uses control packets to control switch operation.

• Switch stop normal operation upon receiving control packets and return after

repairing it.

• Managers were often able to control switches even if higher-level protocols

failed.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 8

 The Level Of Management Protocols

• Internet manageability requirements

• Single manager must be able to control many types of devices

• Manage different types of networks

• Management may be done remotely.

• So, network management protocol used with TCP/IP operates above the transport

level will be suitable for such mission.

• Example: SNMP protocol

Dr. Tamer Fathy 9

 The Level Of Management Protocols

• Advantages:
• Ignore hardware details of managed devices.

• Protocol manages all types of devices uniformly with the same request

format and responses.

• Remote management.

• Disadvantages:
• Unless the operating system, IP software, and transport protocol software

work correctly, the manager may not be able to contact the managed device.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 10

 Architectural Model

MA: Management

nds
agent software on

ma

tion
com

ma
managed devices

ies/

for
e in
uer

e iv
dq
MC: Management

Rec
Sen
Client software on
manager device

Figure 27.1: Example of network management architecture model

Dr. Tamer Fathy 11
 Architectural Model

• In large environments:

• Multiple managers exist.

• Each control a local site.

• Exchange information between them.

• Security: Management protocols support

• Authentication: Identify legitimate users

• Authorization: Allowing a manager specific privileges on each device.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 12

 Protocol Framework

• Network management is divided into:

1. Communication part: Protocol (message formatting…)

• For TCP/IP networks, Network Management communication protocol is

SNMP which defines:

• Message format

• Small set of Operations.

• SNMP does not specify exactly which data can be accessed on which

devices

Dr. Tamer Fathy 13

 Protocol Framework

2. Specific devices part: information items names and description syntax.

• The managed device maintains control and status information that

accessed by manager.
• Example: For router, it keeps information related to its functionality.
• Statistics on the status of its network interfaces.
• Counts of incoming and outgoing packets, dropped datagrams,
• Error messages.
• Example: Modems
• Number of sent/received characters
• Carrier status

• Management Information Base (MIB): It specifies the information details

for each type of device.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 14

 Protocol Framework

Dr. Tamer Fathy 15

 Examples of MIB Variables

Dr. Tamer Fathy 16

 Protocol Framework

• Management Information Base (MIB): A separate standard that specifies the

details for each type of device:

• The data items that each managed device must keep,

• The operations allowed on each data item,

• The meaning of the operations.

• The MIB standard divides management information into many categories with

corresponding identifiers (codes)

• The MIB Standard uses other standards such as

• Structure of Management Information (SMI)

• Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1).

Dr. Tamer Fathy 17

 Protocol Framework

• Advantage of keeping MIB definition independent of the network

management protocol:

• Vendors can update MIB data items without changing the

communication protocol.

• Each device can parse a query and either provide the requested

information or send an error message explaining the requested item

is not available.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 18

 Examples of MIB Variables

• Examples of MIB Variables

• the IETF cooperates with vendors for defining MIB data variables.

• IETF published MIB documents that each specify a set of MIB

variables for a specific type of device. (100 document, 100, 000

variable)

• MIB information definition includes:

• MIB variable (MIB item or MIB object): Like sysUpTime variable.

• Structures: Like routing table MIB variable (ipRoutingTable).

• The meaning of each data variable.

Dr. Tamer Fathy 19

 The Structure Of Management Information

• MIB uses the following standard for MIB variables

(information items) definition:
• Structure of Management Information (SMI)
• Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) standard

• Example: SMI defines variable types like:

• Counter: integer in the range of 0 to 232 – 1
• InetAddress: string of octets

Dr. Tamer Fathy 20

 Formal Definitions Using ASN.1

• The SMI standard specifies that all MIB variables must be

defined and referenced using ISO’s Abstract Syntax Notation 1
(ASN.1).
• ASN.1 provides a notation for

• Readable unique MIB variable names (human readable) and

• The corresponding unique numeric representations (used by

communication protocols)

Dr. Tamer Fathy 21

 Structure And Representation Of MIB Object Names

Identifier namespace is
administered by ISO and
ITU.

Example:
The object identifier Object name: iso . org . dod . internet .
mgmt . mib
names are structured Object identifier :
hierarchically to make 1. 3. 6. 1 .2 . 1

them globally unique..

Dr. Tamer Fathy 22

 Structure And Representation Of MIB Object Names

Dr. Tamer Fathy 23

 Formal Definitions Using ASN.1

Example:

iso . org . dod . internet . mgmt . Mib. IP

1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 4

iso . org . dod . internet . mgmt . Mib. IP.

ipInReceives

1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 4. 3

iso . org . dod . internet . mgmt . mib . ip . ipAddrTable

1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 4. 20

Dr. Tamer Fathy 24

THANK YOU!

Your Logo