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Connected Speech

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4 views11 pages

Connected Speech

Uploaded by

rammuhammad795
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONNECTED SPEECH

BY SADIA HASSAN
DEFINITION

• CONNECTED SPEECH IS HOW WORDS AND SOUNDS CHANGE WHEN WE


SPEAK NATURALLY AND QUICKLY. INSTEAD OF PRONOUNCING EACH WORD
CLEARLY BY ITSELF, THE WORDS FLOW TOGETHER. SOME SOUNDS MAY
DISAPPEAR, GET SHORTER, OR CONNECT WITH OTHER SOUNDS TO MAKE
SPEAKING EASIER AND FASTER.
• IN EVERYDAY CONVERSATION, WE DON'T SEPARATE EACH WORD PERFECTLY;
INSTEAD, WE BLEND THEM TO SOUND SMOOTHER. THIS HELPS US SPEAK
MORE FLUENTLY AND NATURALLY.
IMPORTANCE OF CONNECTED SPEECH:

• NATURAL SPEECH RHYTHM: CONNECTED SPEECH REFLECTS THE NATURAL


RHYTHM OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE, PARTICULARLY IN STRESS-TIMED
LANGUAGES LIKE ENGLISH.
• FLUENCY: IT ALLOWS SPEAKERS TO COMMUNICATE MORE EFFICIENTLY BY
REDUCING UNNECESSARY ARTICULATION AND CONNECTING WORDS
SMOOTHLY.
• COMPREHENSION: UNDERSTANDING CONNECTED SPEECH IS ESSENTIAL
FOR LEARNERS OF ENGLISH, AS NATIVE SPEAKERS OFTEN USE IT
UNCONSCIOUSLY, MAKING ISOLATED, DICTIONARY-LIKE PRONUNCIATION
RARE IN REAL-LIFE CONVERSATION.
KEY FEATURES OF CONNECTED SPEECH

1. ELISION
2. DELETION
3. ASSIMILATION
4. LINKING
5. WEAK FORMS
6. INTRUSION
7. CONTRACTION
ELISION

• DEFINITION:

ELISION REFERS TO THE OMISSION OF SOUNDS, SYLLABLES, OR EVEN ENTIRE WORDS


IN SPEECH. THIS IS A COMMON PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS IN ENGLISH, ESPECIALLY IN
RAPID OR CASUAL SPEECH. ELISION HELPS SPEAKERS TO SPEAK MORE FLUIDLY AND
QUICKLY.
• EXAMPLES:
• "GOING TO" BECOMES "GONNA"
• "I HAVE" BECOMES "I'VE"
PURPOSE OF ELISION

• TO SIMPLIFY SPEECH.
• TO MAKE PRONUNCIATION EASIER AND MORE EFFICIENT.
• COMMON IN FAST, CASUAL, AND CONNECTED SPEECH.
• KEY TERMS:
• OMISSION: THE PROCESS OF LEAVING OUT CERTAIN SOUNDS.
• CONNECTED SPEECH: WHEN WORDS ARE SPOKEN TOGETHER WITHOUT
CLEAR SEPARATION.
2. TYPES OF ELISION

ELISION OCCURS IN VARIOUS FORMS, PRIMARILY IN CONSONANTS AND VOWELS.


• A. CONSONANT ELISION
• CONSONANTS ARE OFTEN OMITTED WHEN THEY OCCUR AT THE END OF ONE WORD AND THE
BEGINNING OF THE NEXT WORD.
• EXAMPLES:
• "NEXT DAY" → /NƐKS DEɪ/ (THE /T/ IS OMITTED)
• "STAND BY" → /STÆN BAɪ/ (THE /D/ IS OMITTED)
• EXPLANATION:
IN RAPID SPEECH, CONSONANTS THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO PRONOUNCE TOGETHER ARE OFTEN
DROPPED, ESPECIALLY AT THE BOUNDARIES BETWEEN WORDS.
B. VOWEL ELISION (SYNCOPE)

• THIS HAPPENS WHEN VOWELS, ESPECIALLY UNSTRESSED VOWELS


(SCHWA /Ə/), ARE OMITTED, TYPICALLY WITHIN A WORD.
• EXAMPLES:
• "EVERY" → /ˈEVRI/ (THE SCHWA /Ə/ IS OMITTED)
• "FAMILY" → /ˈFÆMLI/ (THE /I/ IS OMITTED)
• EXPLANATION:
UNSTRESSED VOWELS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS ARE OFTEN DROPPED
BECAUSE THEY ARE LESS PROMINENT IN RAPID OR CASUAL SPEECH.
C. SYLLABLE ELISION

• ENTIRE SYLLABLES CAN BE OMITTED, USUALLY IN INFORMAL SPEECH OR


CONTRACTIONS.
• EXAMPLES:
• "I AM" BECOMES "I'M"
• "IT IS" BECOMES "IT'S"
3. CAUSES OF ELISION

• WHY DOES ELISION OCCUR?


• ECONOMY OF EFFORT: SPEAKERS NATURALLY TRY TO SAVE TIME AND EFFORT WHEN
COMMUNICATING. ELISION REDUCES THE PHYSICAL EFFORT REQUIRED TO ARTICULATE SOUNDS.
• SPEECH SPEED: THE FASTER WE SPEAK, THE MORE LIKELY SOUNDS ARE TO BE DROPPED.
• CASUAL VS. FORMAL SPEECH: ELISION IS MORE COMMON IN CASUAL, EVERYDAY SPEECH. IN
FORMAL SPEECH, WORDS TEND TO BE PRONOUNCED MORE CAREFULLY.
• PHONOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT: WHEN TWO SOUNDS ARE DIFFICULT TO ARTICULATE TOGETHER,
ONE MAY BE DROPPED.
• EXAMPLE:
• "MUST BE" → /MƏS BI/ (THE /T/ SOUND IS OMITTED BECAUSE IT IS HARD TO PRONOUNCE BEFORE /B/).
4. COMMON ELISION PATTERNS IN
ENGLISH
A. ELISION OF /T/ AND /D/ C. ELISION IN CONTRACTIONS

• THE MOST COMMON CONSONANTS TO BE ELIDED ARE /T/ • CONTRACTIONS INVOLVE THE ELISION OF VOWELS OR
AND /D/, ESPECIALLY BETWEEN CONSONANT CLUSTERS. SYLLABLES TO CREATE SHORTER FORMS OF COMMON
PHRASES.
• EXAMPLES:
• EXAMPLES:
• "BEST FRIEND" → /BES FREND/
• "YOU ARE" → "YOU'RE"
• "LEFT TURN" → /LEF TɜRN/
• "HE WILL" → "HE'LL"
B. ELISION OF VOWEL SOUNDS IN UNSTRESSED
D. ELISION IN INFORMAL SPEECH
SYLLABLES
• WORDS ARE OFTEN SHORTENED IN INFORMAL, EVERYDAY
• VOWELS IN WEAK SYLLABLES ARE FREQUENTLY ELIDED.
CONVERSATIONS.
• EXAMPLES: • EXAMPLES:
• "COMFORTABLE" → /ˈKʌMF TƏBL/ • "GOING TO" → "GONNA"
• "INTERESTING" → /ˈɪNTRƏSTɪŊ/ • "WANT TO" → "WANNA"

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