ENGLIS
H
Objectives:
At the end of the discussion, the
students should be able to:
a. Explain literary devices used
(EN10LT-IV-b-2.2.2);
b. Value the literary devices used
in a text;
c. Classify examples of simile
and a metaphor.
Figures of
Speech
“Literary device” is a
broad term for all the
techniques, styles, and
strategies an author uses to
enhance their writing.
What is
Figure of
Speech?
The language that uses figures
of speech is known collectively
as figurative language. You will
find examples of figurative
language in novels, poems,
essays, and plays.
Examples of
Figures of
Speech/Figurative
Languages:
Alliteration
- is the repeating of consonant
sounds right next to each other,
which creates a memorable or
melodic effect.
Example:
• Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
• How much wood could a woodchuck
chuck if a woodchuck could chuck
wood?
• She sells seashells by the seashore.
•Walter wondered where Winnie
was.
•Blue baby bonnets bobbed
through the bayou.
•Nick needed new notebooks.
•Fred fried frogs' legs on Friday.
Apostrophe
- as a figure of speech is when a
character addresses someone or
something that isn’t present or cannot
respond. The character might speak to
someone deceased, an inanimate
object, or a concept.
Example:
• “O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” —William
Shakespeare, Romeo, and Juliet
• Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are.
• Welcome, O life!
• “Death, be not proud, though some have called thee
• Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so;” - ‘Death, be not
proud’ by John Donne
• O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
• The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is
won,” -Walt Whitman’s poem, ‘O Captain! My Captain!’
Hyperbole
- is a deliberate
exaggeration that adds
emphasis, urgency, or
excitement to a statement.
Example:
•I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse.
•My feet are killing me.
•That plane ride took forever.
•This is the best book ever written.
•I love you to the moon and back.
Irony
- occurs when there's a marked
contrast between what is said and
what is meant, or between
appearance and reality.
Example:
A fire station burns down.
This is unexpected because one
would assume the fire chief
would keep his own building
safe.
Example:
A marriage counselor files for divorce.
This is ironic because the expectation
is that a professional who coaches
couples through rough patches would
herself have a strong marriage.
Example:
The police station gets robbed.
Again, the expectation is that
professional crime fighters would be
able to help themselves; in this case,
by securing their own station.
Example:
A pilot has a fear of heights.
This situation is ironic because
airplane pilots spend most of
their time at work high in the air.
Litotes
- uses a double
negative to create a
positive.
Litotes is an understatement that is
created by utilizing a negative to
affirm a positive. This is often
achieved with a double negative. This
device allows you to emphasize
meaning without using the direct
language correlated to that meaning.
Example:
You’re not wrong.
It’s not bad. (It’s good.)
It’s not rocket science. (It’s easy.)
He’s not as young as he used to be. (He’s
old.)
I wouldn’t say no. (You would say yes.)
Not my favorite. (I don’t like it.)
Example:
You’re not wrong.
It’s not bad. (It’s good.)
It’s not rocket science. (It’s easy.)
He’s not as young as he used to be. (He’s
old.)
I wouldn’t say no. (You would say yes.)
Not my favorite. (I don’t like it.)
Elizabeth Bennett: “He looks miserable,
poor soul.” Charlotte Lucas: “Miserable
he may be, but poor he most certainly is
not.” —Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice
Charlotte is saying that he is, in fact, quite
wealthy.
“He has not failed to annoy us with
messages.” —William Shakespeare,
Hamlet
The opposite message here seems
clear. He has, in fact, succeeded in
annoying them with messages.
Metaphor
-is the direct comparison of
dissimilar things to create
more vivid imagery or
understanding.
Example:
•Life is a highway.
•Her eyes were diamonds.
•He is a shining star.
•The snow is a white blanket.
•She is an early bird.
Simile
- compares two dissimilar
things using “like” or “as.” The
goal of simile is to give the
reader a more vivid
understanding of something.
Example:
•As slow as a sloth
•As busy as a bee
•As innocent as a lamb
•As proud as a peacock
Example:
•Jumps like a frog
•Sings like a cuckoo
•Runs like the wind
•Nocturnal like an owl
•Have eyes like a hawk
Onomatopoeia
- is a word that
sounds like what it
means.
Example:
•Meow – the sound a cat makes
•Purr – the sound a cat makes
•Woof – the sound a dog makes
•Moo – the sound a cow makes
•Oink – the sound a pig makes
•Cock-a-doodle-doo – the sound a
rooster makes
•Roar – the sound a lion makes
•Hee-haw – the sound a donkey
makes
•Quack – the sound a duck makes
•Hoot – the sound an owl makes
•Chirp – the sound a bird makes
•Cluck – the sound a chicken
makes
•Cuckoo – the sound a cuckoo bird
makes
•Hiss – the sound a snake makes
•Neigh – the sound a horse makes
•Ribbit – the sound a frog makes
•Tweet – the sound a bird makes
•Squeak – the sound a mouse makes
•Buzz – the sound a bee makes
•Growl – the sound a dog or bear makes
•Bleat – the sound a sheep makes
•Howl – the sound a wolf makes
•Squawk – the sound a parrot makes
•Chirrup – the sound a cricket makes
•Honk – the sound a goose makes
•Bellow – the sound a bull makes
•Bray – the sound a donkey makes
•Warble – the sound a songbird
makes
•Bark – the sound a seal makes
•Caw – the sound a crow makes.
APPLICATION
Identify the similes in the following sentences.
1. My love is like a red rose.
2. My brother and I fight like cats and dogs all the
time.
3. Iniyan is always as busy as a bee.
4. My cousin chatters like a monkey.
5. Kitty is as proud as a peacock.
6. Sruthy works like a sloth.
7. My dog, Shadow, eats like a pig after I take him
for a walk.
8. Stephen slept like a baby after working for ten
long hours.
9. My father has eyes like a hawk. He finds out
even the minutest of things.
10. Bob is as cunning as a fox.
GENERALIZATION
Literary devices and
figurative language are tools
that an author uses to draw
in the reader. They help the
reader to get a better
understanding of what’s
happening in a story or a
poem.
Figurative language is a literary
device that uses words or
phrases for effect, humorous, or
exaggeration purposes, instead
of their literal translation. It is
commonly used to create an
emotional reaction, especially in
fiction, and to make reading
more enjoyable.
EVALUATION
Classify whether the given sentences are an
example of a simile or a metaphor.
1.The shiny new bicycle was like a new toy.
2.That woman has the face of an angel
3.A red like blood.
4.Love is blind.
5.The fall of the empire was as swift as a
falling star.
6.He is a sleeping tiger.
7.Beautiful as advertising.
8.He’s a burning candle.
9.He acts like a bull in a China shop!
10.His voice trailed off
!
GOOD BYE
