Sustainable

management of
natural resources
Name:Orsu Shashank
Class:X
Section:E
Roll No:23
 The coliform bacteria are usually
found in the human intestine whose
presence in the Ganga water
indicates contamination by faeces
and disease-causing micro-
organisms. The Ganga Action Plan
project was launched in 1985 to
clean the Ganga and make its water
free from pollution.

Ganga Action plan-Coliform

bacteria/pollution
Five R's 


The FIVE Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Rot, Recycle
If you have fully embraced "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle," there
are two more “Rs" to learn. And, really, the list goes on: refuse,
repaint, repurpose, refurbish, reclaim...
 Reduce
 Don’t create waste if you don’t have to
 Reuse
 Reuse, share, sell, or give away still usable items
 Repair
 Fix stuff before tossing it and buying new
 Rot
 Kitchen scraps and yard trimmings are too valuable to
bury in landfills
 Recycle
 Last but not least, if you absolutely cannot do something
else with your stuff, find a way to recycle it
Forest and wildlife-stake holder/chipko
movement/sustainable management

 Sustainable forest management has to keep the balance between three main pillars:
ecological, economic and socio-cultural. The goal of sustainable forestry is to allow
for a balance to be found between making use of trees and also maintaining natural
patterns of disturbance and regeneration.
 Deforestation and the clear-cutting of trees for timber posed a serious
threat to the environment and to the livelihoods of the people who lived
in the Himalayas. The Chipko Movement was a nonviolent protest, and
the protesters, who were mostly women, would cling to the trees to
prevent them from being cut down.
 The individuals or communities dependent upon the forest are known as forest
stakeholders. The stakeholder uses the forest resources like medicine, food and
fodder for their livelihood. The forest stakeholders include the local community, the
Government of Forest Department, industries and wildlife enthusiasts.
Forests and wildlife (Telangana Vs
Jharkhand) – Comparison of
flora/fauna/medicinal plants/National
parks/Wild life sanctuaries etc.,
 Flora:
 - Jharkhand: The state of Jharkhand is known for its rich
forest cover. It has a mix of tropical deciduous forests,
bamboo groves, and sal trees. Other prominent plant species
include mahua, palash, tendu, and semal. The flora of
Jharkhand is adapted to the region's hilly terrain and diverse
soil types.
 - Telangana: Telangana has a varied landscape, including
tropical dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and scrublands.
The state's flora consists of species such as teak, neem,
tamarind, custard apple, and palm trees. Telangana's
vegetation is adapted to its semi-arid climate and
predominantly black soil.

Fauna:
 - Jharkhand: Jharkhand is home to diverse wildlife. The
state hosts several endangered species, including tigers,
elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and wild dogs. Various
species of deer, monkeys, langurs, and reptiles like snakes
and crocodiles can also be found in the region. Jharkhand's
rivers and lakes support a variety of fish species as well.
 - Telangana: Telangana's fauna is characterized by its dry
and arid conditions. The state has wildlife such as chinkara
(Indian gazelle), blackbuck, jungle cat, fox, and various bird
species like peafowl and partridges. The region's lakes and
reservoirs attract migratory birds during certain seasons. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
dams
 Significance of Dams
 One of the first and foremost uses of dams has to be the
generation of hydroelectric power which produces
electricity.
 Helps in controlling a flood, as the rate at which water
flows can be caught and controlled.
 Dams store water to be used by farmers for irrigation
purposes.
 Serves the purpose of drinking to nearby people as water
stored is fresh water and not salt water.
 Water stored in a dam is called a reservoir. This water can
be used for various water-related activities.
 While there are a lot of benefits, dams negatively affect
social, economic and environmental factors. For instance:
 Dams can displace local tribes without providing necessary
compensation and shelter
 Dams can be a financial drain on the public
 Results in loss of biological diversity and deforestation
Telangana:

The methods suggested to recharge the ground water are pits,

trenches, wells, shafts and directly diverting runoff water into the
existing wells.

Kaleshwaram Project: This is the largest multi-purpose

irrigation project in the country, located on the Godavari river. It
aims to provide irrigation water to over 18 lakh acres of land in
13 districts of Telangana.
Palamuru-Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Scheme: This project
aims to provide irrigation water to around 10 lakh acres of land in
the Palamuru and Rangareddy districts.

Mission Kakatiya: It is a flagship program of the Telangana

government aimed at restoring all the minor irrigation tanks and
water bodies in the state. The objective is to enhance the
irrigation potential and recharge groundwater levels.
Sitarama Lift Irrigation Scheme: This project aims to provide
irrigation water to around 7 lakh acres of land in the Khammam
and Nalgonda districts.

These schemes and methods were taken by telangana

to conserve water
 Irrigation methods
taken by Jharkhand

 There are four sources of irrigation in the state

are well, tanks, canals and tube wells.
 The Indian state of Jharkhand suffered an
unprecedented drought recently, causing
many rain-fed rivers and rivulets to dry
up. Because of this, authorities felt it
necessary to have sustainable water
harvesting structures available to
farmers.
 As a part of its water conservation
efforts, the Centers for International
Projects Trust in New Delhi collaborated
with Ranchi’s Birsa Agricultural University
to work on construction of small ponds
(called “dobhas”) under its Sustainable
Agriculture and Farmers’ Livelihood
program.
 Coal
 Coal reserves and production: India has the fifth-largest coal reserves
globally, estimated at around 319 billion metric tons. The country
produced approximately 729 million metric tons of coal in 2019-20,
with Coal India Limited being the largest coal-producing company.

 Role of coal in India's energy mix: Coal dominates India's energy mix,
contributing to nearly 70% of its electricity generation. It provides a
reliable and affordable source of power, especially in areas where
other energy sources are limited.

 Challenges and limitations of coal usage: While coal has been

instrumental in meeting India's energy needs, it also poses
challenges. These include environmental concerns such as air
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as land degradation
and displacement of communities in mining areas.

 Government policies and initiatives: The Indian government has

implemented various policies and initiatives to address the challenges
associated with coal usage. This includes promoting cleaner coal
technologies, encouraging renewable energy integration, and setting
targets for reducing carbon emissions.

 Transition to cleaner energy sources: While coal will continue to play a

significant role in India's energy mix, there is a growing focus on
transitioning to cleaner energy sources. This includes increasing the
share of renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, and
exploring alternative fuels like natural gas.

 Potential for coal exports: India's abundance of coal reserves presents

an opportunity for coal exports to countries with high demand. This
can contribute to economic growth and strengthen India's position in
the global energy market.

 Investment opportunities in the coal sector: The coal sector offers

investment opportunities in various areas, such as coal mining, clean
coal technologies, and renewable energy projects. Investors can
leverage India's vast coal reserves and government initiatives to
contribute to the country's energy revolution. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
Petroleum

 The petroleum industry in India contributes significantly  Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a
to the country's economy, generating revenue, creating naturally occurring fossil fuel consisting of
job opportunities, and attracting foreign investments. hydrocarbon compounds. It is formed from
the remains of ancient marine organisms
 However, the usage of petroleum also poses
over millions of years.
environmental challenges, such as air pollution,
greenhouse gas emissions, and oil spills, which need to  India has been actively exploring and
be addressed. producing petroleum to meet its energy
demands. Major oil fields are located in
 Socially, petroleum usage impacts everyday life, states like Assam, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
influencing transportation options, pricing of goods, and
 Refining and processing of petroleum
access to energy in rural areas.
involves separating it into various
 Looking ahead, the petroleum industry in India faces the components such as gasoline, diesel, and
challenge of transitioning to cleaner and more jet fuel through complex refining
sustainable energy sources, ensuring energy security and processes.
reducing environmental impact.  Petroleum is distributed through an
 pipelines, tankers, and retail outlets, ensuring its extensive network of pipelines, tankers,
availability to consumers across India.
and retail outlets, ensuring its availability
to consumers across India.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.