Art Nouveau (Jugendstil) (ca.

1900)

 European movement in decorative arts

• characterised by curved, sinuous shapes,
stylised representations of natural objects

 England
• Arts and Crafts Movement (William Morris)
• Liberty
• furniture, wallpaper, fabrics
• book illustration (Aubrey Beardsley)
 Scotland
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• furniture, architecture and interior design

 France
• René Lalique
• glassware

 Austria
• Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), founder of
Viennese Secession Movement
(Sezessionstil)
 America
• Louis Comfort Tiffany
• glassware
 Arts & Crafts Movement

The Arts & Crafts movement was a

British and American style between
1880 and 1910
Basically rejected the cold, impersonal
aesthetics brought on by the Industrial
Revolution
Objects made during the Arts & Crafts
movement were smaller, affordable
objects such as textiles, pottery,
furniture, etc.

William Morris, “Artichoke Wallpaper”,

c1897.
The Gamble House, Pasadena, CA, 1908. Arts & Crafts Movement
Scene from “Back to the Future”
Art Nouveau

(French for 'new art') is an

international style of art,
architecture and design that
peaked in popularity at the
beginning of the 20th century
(1880-1914) and is
characterized by highly-
stylized, flowing, curvilinear
designs often incorporating
floral and other plant-inspired
motifs.
Art nouveau - French for “new art” was an
international art movement of style,
decoration and architecture used during the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
One
characterization of
this movement was
depictions of
flowers and vines,
also called foliate
forms. Many of
these forms were
used in mosaics.
 The peacock image was
popular in the art nouveau
movement, and Tiffany
and Co. used this in their
designs, such as in this
headdress to the right.
 Here is one of Tiffany’s
famous glass lamps that
show beautiful colors and
free flowing design.
The name 'Art Nouveau' derived from
the name of a shop in Paris, Maison de
l'Art Nouveau, that showcased objects
that followed this approach to design.

Louis Comfort Tiffany, Glass Vase, c1910.

Paris Metro Stops, Hector Guimard: 1900
Art Nouveau-style Subway Entrances in Paris
 Victor Horta,
Hotel Tassel, 1890s.
ART NOUVEAU
Hotel Tassel (Victor Horta) – 1st Art Nouveau Building in the World
Alphonse Mucha prints
Gustav Klimt, Fischblut [Fish blood]. Ver Sacrum, Vol. I, no.3, March
1898.
Published by Gerlach & Schenk, Vienna
GUSTAV KLIMT was born in
Vienna in 1862. He had
formal art training at the
Vienna School of Decorative
Arts. In 1882, Klimt opened
a studio of his own with his
brother Ernst and Franz
Matsch, a fellow student.
They specialized in painting
murals.
In 1897 Gustav Klimt and a few other artists
founded the Vienna Secession and he
became its first president. The group's goals
were to bring and exhibit the best foreign
artists' works to Vienna.

The Tree of Life, Stoclet Frieze, 1909

GOLDEN PHASE

Klimt's Golden
Phase was
marked by
positive critical
success. Many of
his paintings from
this period used
gold leaf. Klimt’s
trips to Venice
and Ravenna
most likely
inspired his gold
technique and
The Kiss
repeated 1907-1908
patterns. Oil and gold leaf on canvas
Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna,
Ferdinand von Saar (1833-1906), Ver sacrum. Page decorations by Josef
Auchentaller (1865-1949)
Ver sacrum, Vol. I, No.7, 1898. Published by Gerlack & Schenk, Vienna
Detlev von Liliencron
(1844-1909), Der
Handkuss [The Hand
Kiss]. Illustration by
Josef Engelhart (1864-
1941)
Ver sacrum, Vol. I,
No. 4, April 1898.
Published by Gerlach
& Schenk, Vienna
Envelope, Wiener Werkstaette, 7 Neustiftgasse 32,
[ca. 1910]
Designed by Josef Franz Maria Hoffmann, (1870-
1956)
 Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum
neuen Jahre! =
Lashana Tova Tikateyvu, ca. 1920
Illustrated with textile design by Carl
Otto
Prosit 1911 [Happy New Year 1911],
1910 Czeschka (1878-1960)
Wiener Werkstätte New Year Cards
Illustrated by Hans Kalmsteiner
(1886-?)
Portfolio plate 88, Das Haus der Secession [House of Secession], from Ideen von Joseph M. Olbrich
[Ideas by Joseph M. Olbrich], 1900 Design and illustration by Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908)
Plate 1. Das Haus der Secession [The Secession House]. Architect
Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908). Der Architekt, vol. V, 1899.
Otto Wagner: Majolica House, Vienna
Joseph Hoffman: Stoclet Palace
Antoni
Gaudi
(1852 – 1926)
47
 Gaudi’s life
 Gaudí y Cornet, Antoni (1852-1926), Spanish architect
 Born June 25, 1852, in Reus, Catalonia, Gaudí was the son of a
coppersmith
 He attended the School of Architecture in Barcelona in 1874, where he
spent his life; graduated in 1878
 In 1883 Gaudí was appointed official architect of the huge Church of
the Holy Family
 Gaudi never married and devoted his life entirely to his art
 He was deeply involved in Catalan nationalism, of which he was a
leader. He died June 10, 1926, in Barcelona

48
 Artistic Style
 Gaudí's first works were designed in the style of gothic and traditional
Catalan architectural modes, but he soon developed his own distinct
sculptural style.
 Eugene Viollet-le-Duc proved a major influence on Gaudí.
 He integrated the parabolic arch, nature's organic shapes, and the
fluidity of water into his architecture.
 He observed the forces of gravity and related catenary principles.
 Using the Catalan trencadis technique, Gaudí often decorated surfaces
with broken tiles.
 Art Nouveau architecture, a precursor to modern architecture.
50
 The Temple of
the Saint
Family.
This Gaudi’s work is a
symbol of Barcelona. In
1883 Gaudi agreed to
continue a project of
already started Neo-Gothic
church. He proposed a new
project to built the main
cathedral of Barcelona.
The Temple of the Saint Family (Sagrada Familia)
(1883 – 1926)
52
53
The Temple of the Saint Family.
This temple must illustrate
different Christian scenes from
the Bible. According to the
Gaudi’s project the main nave
will support high bell towers,
the tallest of which will reach
170 m. This will symbolize
Jesus, and around him there
will be four more, representing
the evangelists. Over the apse,
a sixth bell tower will be
dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
The Temple of the Saint Family.

On the northwest side of the building, Gaudi installed a workroom where he

built models and experimented with geometry, colors, shapes and sounds.
The Temple of the Saint Family.
 Vicens’
house.
It is Gaudi’s early work.
The project included a
house and a large garden.
The main elements used by
Gaudi in the construction
of the house are red bricks,
multicoloured Arabian
elements, ceramic coatings
and some others. Vicens’
house was built as a
summer residence in 1883
– 1888. It is the first
important Gaudi’s work.
 Park Guell.
Park Guell is an utopian view of
the lost paradise. It was created
in 1900 – 1914. Despite the wild
appearance of the park,
everything in it was planned. A
park reflects Gaudi’s ideas of
symbiosis between human and
nature. Park Guell was
conceived as a private residential
town.
Park Guell.
60
 Guell estate pavilions.

Guell estate pavilions are luxurious houses for carriages and horses.
They were built in 1884 – 1887. Gaudi designed pavilions with
parabolic vaults and arches.
Guell Palace.
Guell Palace was built in 1886 – 1889
with stone coated with delicate marble.
The building consists of 6 levels
(basement, ground floor, mezzanine and
3 other floors).

Gaudi created spaces that evoked the Gothic

and Islamic styles of art according to his own
personal interpretation.
Mila’s house.

Mila’s house was built in 1906 – 1912. Gaudi created this building
with large windows allowing good interior lighting. The building
is, in reality, two estates with different entries joined by a single
facade.
 Mila’s house.

Gaudi built a roof terrace topped with surprising chimneys.

Batllo’s house.

Batllo’s house was built in 1904 –

1906. It is one of the most
outstanding buildings in
Barcelona.
 Batllo’s house.

Gaudi paid special attention to the Batllo’s residence: he used

ingenious tricks for good lighting and ventilation and designed
furniture.
Gaudi’s works. Calvet’s house.

Calvet’s house was built in 1898 –

1899. The building consists of 6
levels. It reminds a private residence.
 Gaudi’s works.
The First Mystery
of the Glory.
It is very important religious
monument connecting
architecture and nature. It was
made in 1900 – 1907.The first
mystery which represents the
resurrection of Christ was
understood by Gaudi also as the
resurrection of Catalonia.
 What is “Art Deco”
• Art Deco represented the rapid modernization of
the world. While the style was already
widespread and was in fashion in the United
States and in Europe, the term Art Deco was not
known. Modernistic or the "1925 Style" was used.
• The name Art Deco was derived from the 1925
"Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs
Industriels et Modernes", held in Paris.
 What is “Art Deco”
• Time Period? Yes & No – Primarily the 1920’s and 1930’s
BUT can be any time afterwards
• Style? Yes - Primary focus on Geometric Shapes and Linear
features (Moderne)
• Movement? Yes, celebrates modernization/mechanization.

Art Deco was primarily an elegant design style

dominant in decorative art, fashion, jewelry,
textiles, furniture design, interior decoration,
and architecture.
 Influences
• Machine Age and streamline technologies
such as modern aviation, electric lighting,
the radio, the ocean liner and the skyscraper
• Greco-Roman Classicism, and the art of
Babylon, Assyria, Ancient Egypt,[and Aztec
Mexico.[1] Much of this could be attributed to
the popular interest in archeology in the
1920s (eg, the tomb of Tutankhamen,
 Century of
Progress

Travel and Transport Building

(CHS)

The Chrysler Building (photo by Hedrich-Blessing, CHS HB-01718)

 Native American
Influences
Penobscot Building
Detroit - constructed in 1928
and designed by Wirt Roland.
Notice the Swastika?

Asian Influences
Rockefeller
Center, New
York
The Chrysler Building – New York
 Postcard of
Empire State
Building, New
York
The building is
deco, as is the
postcard itself.
Empire State Building – New York
 Chicago
Board of Trade
Building

Architects:
Holabird & Root

1929 - 1930

“Urban Canyon”
Chicago Board of Trade Building

interior
 The Field
Building/Bank of
America
Elevators
of NYC &
Chicago
Coca –Cola Bottling Co. – Cincinnati
 American Art
Deco Gas
Stations

Bedford, Pennsylvania

Tucson, Arizona
Hoover Dam – NV & AZ Border

“Cosmic
Figure”
Chase Electric Snack Server
Westinghouse Waffle Iron
Westinghouse
Coffee
Percolator

Sunbeam Ironmaster Iron

Westinghouse Coffee Set Manning Bowman
Sandwich Maker
 Art Deco-Influenced Hood Ornaments
V8: ‘35 Ford Deluxe Sedan

Greyhound
: ‘37
Lincoln
Limo

Swan: ’46
Packard Limo

Mercury: ’41 Packard

Convertible Deluxe

Swan: ’50 Packard Sedan