ARBAMINCH
UNIVERSITY
Faculty of electrical and computer
engineering
Welcome to our seminar presentation
program
Prepared By:
Abushe Bate
Burka Gari
Shura Tulu
outline
Introduction
statement of Problem
Objectives of project
Scope
Literature review
Methodology
simulation
Introduction
The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as
the measurement of the degree to which a given load matches
that of a pure résistance.
It is a ratio of average power of any given load to average
power of a resistive load for same voltage and current
magnitude and its value is also between 0 and 1.
Active power is the actual amount of the power being used, or
dissipated, in a circuit is called active power (P), and it is
measured in watts.
Cont…
Reactive power is the power consumed in the ac circuit
because of the inductive and capacitive field.
The unit used for measuring reactive power is KVAR.
Apparent power is the combination of the active power and
reactive power.
Apparent power(S) is measured in the unit of volt-amps (VA).
Statement of problems
The current from the power grid in a non-sinusoidal waveform,
resulting in a low power factor. This low power factor causes several
issues, including:
1. Increased Energy Consumption
The apparent power drawn by the industrial facility is higher than
the actual power consumed, leading to higher energy bills.
2. Increased Voltage Drop
The reactive power drawn by the inductive loads can cause voltage
drops in the power grid, affecting the performance of other
connected devices.
3. Overloading of Power Lines
The reactive power drawn by the inductive loads can overload
power lines, leading to premature failure and potential safety
hazards.
Objectives
The primary objective of our project is to design correction
equipment which can monitor the power factor of the mine
electrical framework and enhance the power factor to a
desired value. specifically;
To design an automatic power factor correction using an
arduino micro-controller for improving the poor power
factor by adding parallel capacitors to the motor terminals.
To develop an automatically corrected power factor to
establish design parameters.
To simulate the established control concepts relative to its
corresponding input and output relationship and control
frame work.
Scope of the project
This type of compensator to be studied is
restricted to the automatic power factor
correction with capacitor bank.
Our project considering for maximum power
consumption to correct power factor.
Literature review
We considered The paper “Power factor correction unit
using 89C52” published in 2014 contains the use of 89C52
to measure and correct the power factor. The advantage of
this research was that it shows the best method to measure
power factor of systems but the drawback was the increase
in response time of microcontroller
The paper “Automatic Power Factor Improvement of
Induction Motor using Arduino” contains practical
realization and correction of power factor across the
induction motor . The advantage of this paper was it solved
the problem of low power factor practically at induction
motor using it as inductive load. The drawback was that the
use of Arduino UNO board increased the cost of the
circuitary as it should be further connected to the
controller.
methodology
We have been following different methods to do this project.
block diagram
Flow chart
Flow chart Start
Take current signal Take voltage signal from
from CT PT
Microcontroller
Switch
0.9<pf capacitors
<1
Is now o.9<pf< 1
yes No
NO YES
Display Display
pf pf
Display Display
pf pf
Electrical parameter used
Supply voltage 380V
Minimum power factor 0.66
Planned power factor 0.9
Active power 40KW
Frequency 50HZ
Cont…
The following step was used for design calculation;
Step1: Calculate the apparent power before corrected (S in
KVA)
P = S x PF (1)
Then, S old = P / Pf = 40 KW /0.66
=60.6 KVA
Step 2: The average reactive power from the above table
calculation;
Q old = 45.52 KVAR
Step 3: Calculate new apparent power for the desired power
factor (S in KVA)
P = S x PF (2)
S new = P / PF = 40 KW / 0.9
=44.44 KVA
Cont…
Step 4: Calculate reactive power at desired power factor (Q new in
KVAR)
S2 = P2 + Q2, then Q2 = S2 – P2
(44.44 KVA)2 = (40 KW)2 + Q2new
Q new = √ (44.44KVA 2 – 40 KW 2)
= √ (371.3)
Q new= 19.27 KVAR
Step 5: Calculate the capacitive reactive power correction needed
Q old – Q new = Q required (4)
Q required = 44.44KVAR – 19.27 KVAR
= 25.17 KVAR
Hence for per phase we divide total KVAR value for three, which
means reactive power required for each phase is:
= 25.17 KVAR / 3
= 8.39KVAR
Cont…
From the above calculation the total current before capacitor added is
calculated as follows
Apparent power = V rms x I rms (5)
Irms of the Snew = 44.44kVA / 380V
= 116.9A
Active component of I active = I rms cos φ
= 116.9 A x 0.66
= 77.15 A
Reactive component of current
I old reactive= I rms sinφ, first let we find φ value.
φ = cos-1 (0.66) = 48.7 degree
sin(48.7) = 0.75,
then reactive component of IL = I sin φ = 116.9 A x 0.75 = 87.67 A
The new Reactive component of the current is equal to;
I new reactive = Irms sin φ
but cos-1(0.9) = 25.84degree, so sin φ = 0.435
= 116.9A x 0.435 = 50.85 A
Cont…
Therefore to connect the capacitor bank in star connection the
capacitor line current is calculated from the difference of corrected
reactive current from uncorrected reactive current.
IC = I old reactive- I new reactive = 87.67 A – 50.85 A
= 36.82 A
Per phase capacitor current (ICP) = IC = 36.82A
ICP = V ph / XC = 2𝝅fcVph Where V ph is equal to √3 times line
voltage
C = I cp /2𝝅fVph= 36.82 A / 2𝝅 x 50Hz x √3(380V)
= 178.15 x 10-6 F
Therefore each capacitor value can be 59.38x 10-6 Farad
To calculate capacitive reactance;
Therefore XC = 1 / 2𝝅fc
=1/ 2𝝅 X 50 x 178.15 x 10-6 Farad
= 17.8 ῼ
Cont…
Step 6: To calculate the inductive reactance
the first thing is; we have to solve for
inductor, as we have.
XL = Q / I rms2 = 19.27 KVAR / (116.9)2
= 1.41 ῼ
Inductance, L = XL/2𝝅 x f (6)
L = 1.41 ῼ / 2 𝝅 x 50 Hz
= 3.18x 10-3 H
simulation
END
THANK YOU ALL
