and Safety
Tom Adejoh, Ph.D
Department of Radiography and Radiation Science (DRRS),
Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology (FHST),
David Umahi Federal University off Health Sciences (DUFUHS),
Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
[email protected];
08135820550
MEDICINE
Orthodox Alternative
ORTHODOX MEDICINE
Radiation Medicine
(Radiographers, Radiologists, Medical Physicists)
Medical Rehabilitation
(Physiotherapists, Prosthetics &
Orthotics, speech therapists, etc)
Nurses
Pharmacists Physicians Dentists MLS Optometrists
Public Clinical Micro- Food Etc Etc Etc
Health Psychologists biologists Nutritionists
INTRODUCTION
• Guest of honour in the hospital: Patient
• Most important personality in the hospital: Patient
• Why the hospital was set up: For patients
• Why you are being paid and honoured: For the sake of patients
•Your relationship with patient: SERVANT
MEDICINE PROTECTS VULNERABLE
POPULATION
• Paediatrics: Children
• Geriatrics: the aged
• Women: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• Disabled: Medical Rehabilitation
• Mentally disturbed: Psychiatry
• Emotionally disturbed: Clinical psychology
Fig i. Father of Radiography (8th November; WRD)
RADIATION MEDICINE
•Branch of
medicine that
diagnosis and
treats with
radiation
BRANCHES OF RADIATION MEDICINE
Nuclear
Radiology Radiotherapy Medicine
RADIATION USED IN RADIOLOGY
Sound
Magnetism
X-Ray Diagnosis + Radio-
frequency
Visible light
RADIATION USED IN
RADIOTHERAPY
Gamma
rays
Treatment
X-Ray Electrons
RADIATION USED IN NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
Infra red
Gamma
rays
Diagnosis X-Ray
Electrons
ULTIMATE CODE OF CONDUCT
FOR HEALTH PRACTITIONERS
/RESEARCHERS
“Do more good than harm”
OR
More benefits; less risk
OR
More gain; less pain
S/No Radiation Modalities in Radiology
Radiology
X-Ray (1). Film-Screen Radiography (FSR),
1 (2). Computed Radiography (CR),
(3). Direct Digitial Radiography (DDR),
(4). Mammography,
(5). Computed Tomography
(6). Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
(7a). Fluoroscopy (static unit), (b). Fluoroscopy (theatre C-Arm),
(c). Fluoroscopy (catheterization laboratory)
Sound Ultrasound
2
Radiofrequency Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
3 & magnetism
REFERENCE
• Aweda MA and Arogundade RA. Patient dose reduction methods in computerizedtomography procedures: a
review. International Journal of Physical Sciences,2007;2(1): 001-009
• Acquah GF, SchiestlB,Cofie AY, Nkansah JO, Gustavsson M. Radiation dose reduction without degrading image
quality during computed tomography examinations: Dosimetry and quality control study. International
Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology,2014; 2(3):02039.
• Jangland L, Sanner E, Persliden J. Dose reduction in computed tomography by individualized scan
protocols. Acta Radiologica, 2004; 45:301–7
• Foley SJ, McEntee MF and Rainford LA. Establishment of CT diagnostic reference levels in Ireland.
British Journal of Radiology, 2012; 85(1018):1390–1397
• Godwin I Ogbole, Rachel Obed. Radiation doses in computed tomography: Need for optimization and
application of dose reference levels in Nigeria. West African Journal of Radiology, 2014;21(1):1-6
• Huda W, Nickoloff EL, Boone JM. Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past
50 years. Medical Physics,2008;35:5713–28.
• Lewis MA, Edyvean S. Patient dose reduction in CT. British Journal of Radiology,2005; 78: 880–883.
• Lee CH, Goo JM, Ye HJ, Ye SJ, Park CM, Chun EJ, Im JG. Radiation dose modulation techniques in the
multidetector CT era: from basics to practice. Radiographics, 2008;28:1451–1459.
• McCollough CH, Primak AN, Braun N,Kofler J, Yu L, and Christner J, Strategies for Reducing Radiation Dose in
CT. Radiological Clinics of North America, 2009; 47(1): 27–40.
• Saravanakumar A, Vaideki K, Govindarajan KN, and Jayakumar S. Establishment of diagnostic reference levels
in computed tomography for select procedures in Pudhuchery, India . Journal of Medical Physics, 2014;39(1):
50–55.
Thank you
Go! Do More
Good than harm
