PREFACE

The above saying highlights the importance of an innovative idea for

products and services and its relevance ,feasibility and detailed description .
Critical thinking is an important part of theoretical studies . Students to
explore the valuable treasure of experiencing and critical thinking he
stududents to bridge the gap between the theories explained in the books
and using them to form new idea . Mini project report plays an important
role in building of an individual so that he /she can better understand the
world in which he has to work in future . I completed this report and I have
tried to cover each and every aspect related to the topic with the best of my
capabilities.

DIVYA KUMARI
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled “IT SKILLS PROJECT”
Submitted to “ SD college of engineering and technology ,
muzaffarnagar” is a confide record of work done by “ DIVYA KUMARI “
under my supervision.

Date: Signature:
Place: Name:Divya
 DECLARATION

This is to declare that this has been written by me . No part of the report is
plagiaried form other sources . All information included form other sources
have been duly acknowledged. I aver that if any part of the report is found
to be plagiarized , I shall take full responsibility for it .

Date: Student Name : Divya

Place: Class: MBA (2nd sem)
A PROJECT REPORT

ON

IT SKILLS
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I outshine all the barriers of written words to owe a deep sagacity oa

gratitude to reverend (prof)Dr. SIDHARTH SHARMA , (S.D.C.E.T)For
providing us an opportunity to work on this project work at their renowned
organization . Words are less to express our gratitude to him.

I honesty articulate our admiration with subterranean prudence of

gratitude to project supervisor Miss.Anshika, assistant professor ,
department of MBA (S.D.C.E.T) who is a teacher , mentor and guide , with
out whose cooperation and help it would not be possible for us to
complete this mini project work fruitfully.

I would like to articulate our yawning gratitude to the name of another

teacher Dr. Sidharth Sharma for their constant encouragement ,
precious direction and all feasible help which will be great inspiration for
us throughout our like.

I can never forget the blessings and feeling of our parents , teachers and
friends who gave me help in each task of our work and gave us strong
emotional support. We dedicate whatever we have achieved and attained
to the grateful ness of invisible.

DIVYA KUMARI
S.NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
NO
1. Create a pivot table in excel.
8-16

2. Show the working with drill down on pivot and summaries

17-18
pivot data average or some other formula.

3. Show the working with pivot table to analyzing data using goal
seek and solver and using goal seek to determine the interest 19-23
rate .

4. Understanding chart types , column chart, bar chart , line chart ,

24-30
pie chart .

5. Draw the column chart for the following data set.

31-33
 1.Create a pivot table in Excel ?

Pivot tables are among the most useful and powerful features in Excel. We use them in
summarizing the data stored in a table. They organize and rearrange statistics (or "pivot") to
draw attention to valuable facts. You can take an extremely large data set and see the
relevant information you need in a clean, concise, manageable way.
Sample Data
The sample data that we are going to use contains 448 records with 8 fields of information
on the sale of products across different regions between 2013-2015. This data is perfect to
understand the pivot table.

1
Insert Pivot Tables
• Click on any cell in a data set.

 On the Insert tab, in the Tables group,

click PivotTable.

A dialog box will appear. Excel will auto-select your dataset. It will also create a new
worksheet for your pivot table.

 Click Ok. Then, it will create a pivot table

worksheet.

2
 Drag Fields

To get the total sales of each salesperson, drag the following fields to the following
areas.

 Salesperson field to Rows area.

 Sales field to Values area.

3
Value Field Settings

By default, Excel gives the summation of the values that are put into the Values section. You
can change that from the Value Field Settings.

 Click on the Sum of Sales in the Values field.

 Choose the type of calculation you want to

use.

4
 Click OK.

5
Sorting By Value

Right-click any Sales value and choose Sort > Sort Largest to
Smallest.

Result:
Two-Dimensional Pivot Table

We can create a pivot table in various two-dimensional arrangements. Drag the following
fields to the different areas

 Salesperson to Rows area.

 Region to Columns area.

 Sales to Values area.

Applying Filters to a Pivot Table

Let’s see how we can add a filter to our pivot table. We will continue with the previous
example and add the Year field to the Filters area.

7
You can see that it adds a filter on the top of the
worksheet.

Grouping Data in a Pivot Table

Excel allows you to group pivot table items. To create the groups, execute the following steps:

 In the pivot table, select the data you want to group.

 Right-click and click on Group.

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 Now, your data is grouped.

Percentage Contribution in a Pivot Table

There are various ways to display the values in a table. One way is to show the value as
a percentage of the total.

 Add the sales field again to the values section.

 Right-click on the second instance and select % of Grand Total.

 3. Show the working with drill down on pivots and
summarize pivot data by “Average” or some other
formula?

For this example, we’ll be using a very simple set of numbers. We have three quarters’ worth of
sales numbers and a yearly goal. We can use goal seek to figure out what the number needs to
be in Q4 to make the goal.

As you can see, the current sales total is 114,706 units. If we want to sell 250,000 by the end
of the year, how many do we need to sell in Q4? Excel's Goal Seek will tell us.

Here's how to use Goal Seek, step by step:

1. Click Data > What-If Analysis > Goal Seek. The Goal Seek window will pop up.
2. Put the "equals" part of your equation in the Set Cell field. This is the number that
Excel
will try to optimize. In our case, it's the running total of our sales numbers in cell A5.
3. Type your goal value into the To value field. We're looking for a total of 250,000 units
sold, so we'll put "250,000" in this field.
4. Tell Excel which variable to solve the By changing cell field. We want to see what our
sales in Q4 need to be. So we'll tell Excel to solve for cell D2. It'll look like this when
it's ready to
go: 10
 5. Hit OK to solve your goal. When it looks good, just hit OK. Excel will let
you know when Goal Seek has found a solution.
6. Click OK again, and you'll see the value that solves your equation in the
cell that you chose By changing the cell.

In our case, the solution is 135,294 units. Of course, we could have just found that by
subtracting the running total from the annual goal. But Goal Seek can also be used on a
cell that already has data in it. And that's more useful.
Note that Excel overwrites our previous data. It's a good idea to run Goal Seek on
a copy of your data. It's also a good idea to make a note on your copied data that it
was generated using Goal Seek. You don't want to confuse it with current, accurate
data.

So Goal Seek is a useful Excel feature, but it's not all that impressive. You can only use it
on a single cell at a time. You'll need a much more powerful tool if you want to use
Excel's Goal Seek on multiple cells simultaneously. Fortunately, one such tool comes with
Excel.
Let's have a look

at the Solver add-in . 11

3.Show the working with pivot table to analyzing data
using goal seek and soler and using goal seek
to determine the interest rate?
If you’ve ever used a worksheet to answer the question “What if?”, you’ve
already performed what-if analysis. For example, what would happen if your
advertising budget increased by 40 percent? How about 50 percent?.

A scenario is a set of input values that you can substitute in a worksheet to

perform what-if analysis. For example, you could create scenarios to show
various interest rates, loan amounts, and terms for a mortgage. Excel’s scenario
manager lets you create and store different scenarios in the same worksheet.

Use Scenario Manager

1. Select the cells that contain values that could change.

2. Click the Data tab on the ribbon.

3. Click the What-If Analysis button.

4. Select Scenario Manager.

The Scenario Manager dialog box appears with the message “No Scenarios
defined. Choose Add to add scenarios.

5. Click the Add button to add a new scenario.

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 6. Type a name for the new scenario.

If you already have cells selected, the Changing cells field will already be populated with
your selection. If you didn’t select cells up front, you’ll have to specify the cells here.

7. Click OK.

The Scenario Values dialog box appears, showing each of the variable cells you
selected.

13
If you name the worksheet cells you're changing, the cell names appear here, making it easy
to tell what value you're working with.

8. Update any values you want to see for the given scenario.

To make sure you don’t lose the original values for the changing cells, use the original
cell values in the first scenario you create.

9. Click
OK.

The scenario is added and is listed in the Scenario Manager. If you click Add, the Add
Scenario dialog box appears again so you can add another scenario.

Repeat steps 5-9 to add all the desired scenarios.

10. Select the scenario you want to view.

11. Click the Show button.

14
The worksheet’s values are changed to the values you specified in the scenario. You can
select any scenario here to update the values in your spreadsheet.

View a Scenario Summary

A scenario summary report is a single compiled report that summarizes the results from
several scenarios. It’s easier to read than switching between different scenarios. Once you’ve
created at
least two scenarios, you can create a summary report.

1. Click the Data tab.

2. Click the What-If Analysis button.
3. Select Scenario Manager.

The Scenario Manager dialog box appears, displaying all the scenarios
you’ve created.

4. Click Summary.

15
 The Scenario Summary dialog box appears. Ensure the Scenario summary
option
is selected.

5. Click OK.

A summary report for each scenario is generated on a separate sheet so you can compare
each
one side by side.
4. Understanding chart types , column chart , bar chart ,
line chart , pie chart ?
Microsoft Excel provides us with a powerful tool to visualize any given data set known as Chart. A chart is a
visual representation of data, in which data is represented by symbols like the bar in the bar chart and a line in
the line chart.
Charts help us to visualize the large data set in graphical form and analyze that data for decision- making or
to perform any activities.

LOCATING CHARTS

The chart group is located in the INSERT tab of Ms-Excel Ribbon.

INSERT
CHART GROUP

The chart group on the Ribbon of the INSERT tab looks like this
as

Elements of the Chart Group

 Recommended Chart: It shows the chart recommended by the system for your
given data set.
 Chart: It includes all types of charts that you can use for your data.
 Pivot Chart: This contains the pivot charts.
CREATING CHARTS

 Step 1:- Select the data.

 Step 2:- Click on the Insert tab on the ribbon
 Step 3:- Click on the line and area chart on the ribbon

Insert Line
Tab chart

17
 Data
Multiple sub-categories of line and area charts will appear such as 2D line Charts, 3D
line
Charts, 2D area charts and 3D area charts with more line and area charts options.

2D Line charts

3D Line

charts

2D

Area

charts

3D

Area

 Step 4:- Move through the line and area chart to get a preview of the c h acrht sa. r t s
 Step 5:- Click the Line with Marker Chart option. This chart will appear on your
worksheet. More line Chart option

18
 Line
with
Marker
chart

 Step 6:- Give a meaningful title to the chart by editing the chart
title.

Chart Title

19
UNDERSTANDING CHART TYPE
Excel provides users with different types of charts that suit the user’s purpose. Based on the type
of data, you can create a chart. You can also change the chart type later.

Excel offers the following major chart types. –

 Column chart
 Bar Chart
 Line Chart
 Pie Chart
 XY Scatter chart
 Area Chart
 Surface Chart
 Bubble chart
Each chart type has subtypes. Let us take the overview of each chart type.
Column Chart
A column chart typically displays the categories along the horizontal (category) axis and values
along the vertical (Value) axis. To create a column chart. Arrange the data in the column or rows
on the worksheet.

A column chart has the following sub-types −

 Clustered Column.
 Stacked Column.
 100% Stacked Column.
 3-D Clustered Column.
 3-D Stacked Column.
 3-D 100% Stacked Column.
 3-D Column.

Bar Chart
Bar Charts illustrate comparisons among individual items. In a Bar Chart, the categories are
organized along the vertical axis and the values are organized along the horizontal axis. To create
a Bar Chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the Worksheet.
A Bar Chart has the following sub-types −
 Clustered Bar

20
  Stacked Bar
 100% Stacked Bar
 3-D Clustered Bar
 3-D Stacked Bar
 3-D 100% Stacked Bar

Line Chart

Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled Axis. Therefore, they are
ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals, such as months, quarters or years.
In a Line chart −
 Category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis.
 Value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis.
To create a Line chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
A Line chart has the following sub-types −

 Line
 Stacked Line
 100% Stacked Line
 Line with Markers
 Stacked Line with Markers
 100% Stacked Line with Markers
 3-D Line

Pie Chart
Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. The data
points in a pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie. To create a Pie Chart, arrange the
data in one column or row on the worksheet.
A Pie Chart has the following sub-types −
 Pie
 3-D Pie
 Pie of Pie
 Bar of Pie

21
XY Scatter Chart

XY (Scatter) charts are typically used for showing and comparing numeric values, like
scientific, statistical, and engineering data.
A Scatter chart has two Value Axes −
 Horizontal (x) Value Axis
 Vertical (y) Value Axis
It combines x and y values into single data points and displays them in irregular intervals, or
clusters. To create a Scatter chart, arrange the data in columns and rows on the worksheet.
Place the x values in one row or column, and then enter the corresponding y values in the
adjacent
rows or columns.
Consider using a Scatter chart when −
 You want to change the scale of the horizontal axis.
 You want to make that axis a logarithmic scale.
 Values for the horizontal axis are not evenly spaced.
 There are many data points on the horizontal axis.
 You want to adjust the independent axis scales of a scatter chart to reveal more
information about data that includes pairs or grouped sets of values.
 You want to show similarities between large sets of data instead of differences between
data points.
 You want to compare many data points regardless of the time.
 The more data that you include in a scatter chart, the better the comparisons you can
make.
A Scatter chart has the following sub-types −
 Scatter
 Scatter with Smooth Lines and Markers
 Scatter with Smooth Lines
 Scatter with Straight Lines and Markers
 Scatter with Straight Lines

Area Chart
Area Charts can be used to plot the change over time and draw attention to the total value across a
trend. By showing the sum of the plotted values, an area chart also shows the relationship of parts
to a whole. To create an Area Chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
An Area Chart has the following sub-types −
 Area
 Stacked Area
 100% Stacked Area
 22
3-D Area
  3-D Stacked Area
 3-D 100% Stacked Area

Surface Chart

A Surface chart is useful when you want to find the optimum combinations between two sets of
data. As in a topographic map, colour and patterns indicate areas that are in the same range of
values.
To create a Surface chart −
 Ensure that both the categories and the data series are numeric values.
 Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
A Surface chart has the following sub-types −

 3-D Surface
 Wireframe 3-D Surface
 Contour
 Wireframe Contour

Bubble Chart
A Bubble chart is like a Scatter chart with an additional third column to specify the size of the
bubbles it shows to represent the data points in the data series.
A Bubble chart has the following sub-types −
 Bubble
 Bubble with 3-D effect

23
5.Draw the column chart for the following data set.
Column chart are useful for showing data changes over a period of time or for illustrating
comparisons among items . In column chart , categories are typically organized along the
horizontal axis and values along the vertical axis.

Name of Item Desktop Computers Laptops Monitors Printers

Sale in 2012 20 12 13 12
Sale in 2013 34 45 40 39
Sale in 2014 12 10 17 15
Sale in 2015 78 13 90 14

Step to creating charts in

Excel
1. Open Excel
2. Enter the data from the data set
Output

Item 2012 2013 2014 2015

Desktop Computers 20 12 13 12

Laptops 34 45 40 39

Monitors 12 10 17 15

Printers 78 13 90 14

3. Select the data you want to represent in

graph
4. Click on INSERT tab from the ribbon
5. Click on the Column chart drop down button
6. Select the chart type you want

24
For information on column chart , and when they should be used , see available chart types in
office .

Excel outlook

To create a column chart , follow these stepes:

1. enter data in a spreadsheet .

2. Select the data .

3. Depending on the excel version you are using , select one of the following
option of your choice .
1. execl 2016 : click insert > insert column or bar chart icon , and select a column of chart
your choice. .

Series 1
0 Series 2
Series 3

25