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Cardiovascular System (1)

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14 views18 pages

Cardiovascular System (1)

Uploaded by

shaho.aki11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cardiovascular system

BY
DR. SARA SAMIR SADOON
Functions of cardiovascular system
(heart, blood, and blood vessels)

 The heart pumps the blood through the circulatory system.


 Supplies oxygen to the tissues and removes Carbon Dioxide and other
 wastes.
 Provides the cells with nutrients.
 Regulates blood pressure.
 Provides protection to the body from infections.
 Helps to stop bleeding via clotting process .
 Transports hormones, electrolytes, gases.
 Helps in the regulation of the PH and the temperature of the body
Chambers of the heart

 1-left atrium: receives oxygen-rich blood as it returns from the lungs.

 2-right atrium: receives blood from all body parts except the lungs.

 3-left ventricle: pumps blood to all parts of the body.

 4-right ventricle: pumps blood to the lungs.


 The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the
pulmonary circuit (lungs) where it becomes an oxygenated blood.

 The left side of the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to all other parts of the body through
the systemic circuit.

 Interatrial septum
 Separates right and left sides of atria
 Interventricular septum
 Separates right and left sides of ventricles
 arter(o), arteri(o) Artery
 arteriol(o) Arteriole
 ven(o) Vein
 venul(o) Venule
 vas(o), vascul(o),
 angi(o) Vessel
 aort(o) aorta
 cardi(o) heart
 atri(o) atrium
 ventricul(o) ventricle
 sept(o) septum
 coron(o) crown
 endocardi(o) endocardium
 myocardi(o) myocardium
 pericardi(o) pericardium
 Hem(o), hemat(o) blood
 Thromb(o) clot
 valv(o) valve
 Sphygm(o) pulse
‫ة‬
Blood vessels
 Arteries: From the Greek word arteria(windpipe), the largest blood vessels carry blood away
from the heart.

 Veins: From the Latin word Vena, return blood from tissues to the heart.

 Capillaries: are tiny blood-containing structures that surround body cells and tissues to
deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients and other substances.

 Arterioles: small diameter blood vessels in the microcirculation, branche out from arteries
lead to capillaries.
 Venules: small diameter blood vessels in the microcirculation that allow deoxygenated blood
to return from capillary beds to the veins.
Blood pressure

 Blood pressure \is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
 Sphygmomanometer: an instrument for measuring blood pressure.
 Sphygm/o means pulse, man/o means thin, meter means measuring device.
 Systolemeans contraction, represents contraction phase of the heart, it causes ejection of blood
into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
 Diastoleis the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to
fill with blood.
 Cardiology: branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of disorders of the
heart and the blood vessels.
 Cardiologist: the physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular
disorders and diseases.
Pathology

 Hypertension: hyper-(high); -tens-(pressure).

Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure.

 Hypotension: hypo-(low); -tens-(pressure).

Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure


Terms for diagnosis and treatment
procedures
 Angiography: is an imaging test that uses X-rays to view body's blood vessels.

 Angiogram: The X-rays provided by an angiography, (the print record).

 Cardiac catheterization: is a procedure used to diagnose and treat certain cardiovascular conditions.
During cardiac catheterization, a long thin tube called a catheter is inserted in a vein or an artery and
guided into the heart.

 Cardioversion: is a medical procedure that restores a normal heart rhythm in people with certain types of
abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias).
Pharmacology

 Antianginals: drugs that are used to provide relief from symptoms of angina.

 Antiarrhythmics: medications that prevent and treat abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) to


restore the normal rhythm of the heart.

 Cardiac glycosides: Drugs used to improve heart output by increasing the muscular contraction.

 Diuretics: drugs that increase urination (urine output) thus decreasing blood pressure and
workload of the heart.

 Statins: drugs that slow down the production of cholesterol in the liver
Surgical terms

 Angioscopy: It is a medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels. It uses a
fiberoptic catheter to view the interior of a blood vessel.

 Angioplasty: It is a surgical repair of blood vessels.


 Valvuloplasty: It is the surgical repair of the heart valves.
 Endarterectomy: is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatousplaque material, or blockage,
in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of deposits.

 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): surgery performed to increase blood flow to the heart by
taking a blood vessel from another part of the body and attaching it to the coronary artery above and
below the narrowed area or blockage.

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