Java Persistence API

Objectives
 Explain what JPA is and its role in data persistence for Java applications.
 Highlight the advantages of using JPA over traditional JDBC approaches.
 Define and illustrate core JPA concepts like entities, annotations,
persistence context, entity manager and JPQL.
 Provide a clear understanding of how these components work together to
manage data.
 Show how JPA simplifies development by reducing boilerplate code and allo
wing focus on business logic.

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 Contents

Introduction

Key Concepts

Annotations

Relationships

Using JPA

Demo

Advantages and Disadvantages
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 What is JPA ?

JPA stands for Java Persistence API. It is a Java programming interface that
allows developers to manage relational data in Java applications using object
oriented methodologies.


JPA is a specification for managing relational data in Java applications. It
provides a set of interfaces, annotations, and an object relational mapping
(ORM) framework that simplifies the process of interacting with databases.

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 Key Feature of JPA

ORM: JPA allows you to map Java objects (entities) to relational database
tables, abstracting away the differences between the object-oriented and
relational models.

Annotations: You can use annotations to define entities, relationships and
other persistence related metadata.

EntityManager: The interface provides methods for persisting, retrieving,
updating, and deleting entities.

JPQL is an object oriented query language that allows you to query entities
and their relationships.

Transaction Management: JPA supports transaction management, ensuring
data integrity and consistency.
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 Benefits of Using JPA

Simplified Data Access: JPA makes it easier to work with relational data in Ja
va applications by providing a higher-level abstraction.

Code Portability: JPA is a standard specification, so code written using
JPA can be portable across different JPA providers.

Reduced Boilerplate Code: JPA annotations and the EntityManager
interface reduce the amount of code needed for data access.

Improved Data Integrity: JPA's transaction management and validation
features help ensure data integrity.

Enhanced Performance: Caching and other optimization techniques can
improve the performance of JPA applications.

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JPA Implementation Options

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Annotations in JPA
 Entity Annotations in JPA

@Entity: This annotation marks a Java class as an entity, meaning it
represents a table in the database.

@Table: This annotation allows you to specify the name of the database table
that an entity maps to.

@Transient: This annotation marks a property that should not be persisted to
the database.

@NamedQueries and @NamedQuery: These annotations allow you to define
named queries that can be used to retrieve entities.
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 Mapping Annotations in JPA

@Id: This annotation marks a Java class as an entity, meaning it represents a table i
n the database.

@Column: This annotation defines the mapping between a property of an entity and
a column in the database table. You can use it to specify the column name, data
type, and other attributes.

@Basic: This annotation specifies that a property is a basic type and should be
persisted.

@Enumerated: This annotation is used to map an Enum type to a database column.

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 Relationships Annotations in JPA

@ManyToOne: This annotation defines a many-to-one relationship between
two entities.

@OneToMany: This annotation defines a one-to-many relationship between
two entities.

@OneToOne: This annotation defines a one-to-one relationship between two
entities.

@ManyToMany: This annotation defines a many-to-many relationship between
two entities.
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 Demo JPA
(One To Many)
1. Open Eclipse, File | New | Maven Project

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2. Check Create a simple project -> Browse Project -> Next

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3. Fill the information Project -> Click Finish

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4. Structure of Maven Project

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4. Structure of Maven Project

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5. Change the content of pom.xml

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6. Create persistence.xml in META-INF folder

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7. Create structure of project

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8. Config JPA

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9. Create Books in Pojo

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10. Create Students in Pojo

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11. Create StudentDAO

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12. Create IStudentRepository

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13. Create StudentRepository

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14. Create IStudentService

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15. Create StudentService

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16. Create Main function

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18. Run Program

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19. Result

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20. Result

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 Demo JPA
(Many To Many)
Q&A

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